Document IIF
L’ammoniaque comme frigorigène secondaire pour les patinoires.
Aqua ammonia as secondary refrigerant in ice rink applications.
Numéro : pap. n. 1129
Auteurs : ROGSTAM J., BOLTEAU S., GRÖNQVIST C., et al.
Résumé
Ice rink refrigeration systems are often designed as indirect systems to reduce the refrigerant charge. Therefore, these systems require a secondary refrigerant which inevitably will impose an extra temperature difference and require pump energy. The associated pumping energy in practice use to correspond to 10-20% of the total refrigeration system energy usage depending on fluid used and pump control strategy. Aqueous solutions with ethylene glycol or different kind of salts are the most commonly used fluids but they have less favourable thermophysical properties implying higher pump power demand. There is a growing interest in using aqua ammonia (ammonia-water) as secondary refrigerant in ice rinks for both new construction and retrofit. This is an environmentally friendly and very energy efficient fluid which offers low corrosivity and very low pumping power. Material compatibility and safety must be considered when designing the systems. Aqua ammonia theoretically uses 55% less pumping power compared with ethylene glycol at -10°C fluid temperature. Current field measurements show that systems using aqua ammonia may reduce the pumping power as a share of in the total energy usage to 1-3%. Reference systems which are about 10 years old using calcium chloride would use about 10% of the total refrigeration system energy. In Sweden the first rink floor system was retrofitted in 2007 and it is still in operation with good results. Today the number of indoor hockey rinks using aqua ammonia is 34 and rapidly growing. One reason being the increasing interest for CO2 as primary refrigerant which benefit due to a considerably lower evaporator cost when aqua ammonia is used as secondary refrigerant.
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Détails
- Titre original : Aqua ammonia as secondary refrigerant in ice rink applications.
- Identifiant de la fiche : 30026073
- Langues : Anglais
- Source : Proceedings of the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
- Date d'édition : 24/08/2019
- DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.18462/iir.icr.2019.1129
Liens
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Indexation
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Ammonia-water solutions in ice rinks: the ultim...
- Auteurs : BACHE A., STENHEDE C.
- Date : 07/05/2009
- Langues : Anglais
- Source : 3th Conference on Ammonia Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, May 7-9, 2009.
- Formats : PDF
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- Auteurs : BOLTEAU S., KOLASNIEWSKI Y., ROGSTAM J.
- Date : 18/06/2018
- Langues : Anglais
- Source : 13th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
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Natural working fluids in artificial skating ri...
- Auteurs : BERENDS E.
- Date : 29/05/2006
- Langues : Anglais
- Source : 7th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2006). Proceedings
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- Date : 04/12/2015
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- Source : www.R744.com
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- Auteurs : CREMASCHI A.
- Date : 09/1991
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- Source : Cond. Aria - vol. 35 - n. 9
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