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Les émissions de gaz à effets de serre liés au frigorigène CO2 (R-744) ajustés au GWP.

The embodied greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide refrigerant (R-744) as an adjustment to global warming potential.

Auteurs : JOHNSON C.

Résumé

MAC Summit '04 features the latest technology and corporate leadership in the global quest to reduce the emissions of HFC refrigerants and fuel use in vehicle air conditioning. 32 papers were presented at this Summit, held in Washington, USA, sponsored by the US EPA, the European Commission, the Australian Greenhouse office, the Japan Ministry of Environment, UNEP and the Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy. Topics: Plenary session: phasing out HFC-134a in MACs in the worlds largest car market; California leadership in reducing and eliminating HFC-134a emissions in MACs; Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association's voluntary action plan to reduce HFC-134a emissions; global action on MACs by environmental non-governmental organizations. MACs roundtables: HFC-152a as an alternative to HFC-134a; electric inverter air conditioning system for Toyota Prius hybrid vehicle; development of an alternative refrigerant technology. Developing country strategy and opportunity from the MAC transition: growing markets of MAC with HFC-134a and future of HFC-152a in China; Indian scenario: refrigerants in MACs and the importance of fuel efficiency; overview of HFC-134a, HFC-152a, and non-HFC alternatives in the MAC sector. Life cycle analysis of vehicle air conditioning: life cycle comparisons of HFC-134a enhanced, HFC-152a, CO2 and R290, and CO2-HFC-134a systems; the embodied greenhouse gas emissions of CO2 as an adjustment to global warming potential. Coupling and sealing surfaces: SAE design requirements for MACs; dual plane compressor seal for enhanced HFC applications; new products for enhanced HFC-134a systems certified at less than 20 grams per year; HFC emission reductions in automotive air conditioning systems. Improving MAC energy efficiency: significant fuel savings and emission reductions by improving vehicle air conditioning; enhanced HFC-134a research project; challenges and results of MAC cooling and energy efficiency performance exploration project; comfort improvement with reduction of impact on fuel consumption. Options to minimize direct refrigerant emissions: system level: chamber leak testing of assembled systems; measurement of leak flow rates of MAC components and systems; reducing HFC emission levels for bus air conditioning. Risk assessment for alternative refrigerant systems: global risk assessment for HFC-152a and CO2 MACs; Australia experience with hydrocarbon retrofit to CFC-12 MACs; small cans of HFC-134a. HFC-152a and CO2 progress: Australia welcomes climate protection partnerships; HFC-152a engineering mitigation strategy; mid-size SUV CO2 cooling and heating system; concerns and solutions for CO2 air conditioning systems for compact vehicles. The papers can be downloaded from the Web site: www.epa.gov/cppd/2004MACSummit.pdf.

Détails

  • Titre original : The embodied greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide refrigerant (R-744) as an adjustment to global warming potential.
  • Identifiant de la fiche : 2007-0375
  • Langues : Anglais
  • Sujet : Réglementation
  • Source : MAC (mobile air conditioning) Summit 2004 [CD-ROM].
  • Date d'édition : 14/04/2004

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