Étude expérimentale comparative sur un compresseur à piston ouvert fonctionnant au R-1234yf, au R-134a ou au R-290.

Among the different alternatives proposed in the automotive field to replace R134a and R1234yf is a new generation fluid which has recently gained great importance for MAC (Mobile Air Conditioning) systems. This fluid has the advantage of having a low GWP (Global Warming potential) and thermodynamic properties similar to R134a. But there is some criticism regarding the non-natural origin of the fluid and its possible long-term effects on the environment have not been studied. In that sense, hydrocarbons and particularly R290 can be considered as alternatives. This paper presents a comparative study between R1234yf, R134a and R290 for an open piston compressor at different operating conditions. The text matrix comprised two compressor speeds, evaporation temperatures from -15 to 15°C and condensation temperatures from 40 to 65°C. From these tests, the compressor behavior with these refrigerants has systematically been analyzed in terms of compressor efficiency, volumetric efficiency, losses to the ambient and oil-refrigerant properties.