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Suivi des taux de fuites en provenance des systèmes de conditionnement d'air des véhicules lourds. 2. Bus et cars. Rapport final.

Establishment of leakage rates of mobile air conditioners in heavy duty vehicles. 2. Buses and coaches. Final report.

Auteurs : Eur. Comm., Öko-Rech., SCHWARZ W.

Type de monographie : Rapport

Résumé

On behalf of the European Commission, this study establishes empirically the annual leakage rate of mobile air conditioners (MACs) in buses and coaches for the use-phase of the vehicles. In buses, refills are carried out in relatively short service intervals to compensate for leakages whatever their nature. Such refills are recorded over a sufficiently long time and in appropriate detail in Sweden where annual inspection is mandatory for every installation with a refrigerant charge of HFCs more than 3 kg. The refill-based approach of this study consists in the analysis of approximately 2,000 report forms on inspections of MACs of buses and coaches in a specialised garage in South-East Sweden over the 1996-2005 period. One of the most important results of this study is that it is possible to reduce the annual leakage rates of modern bus and coach MACs to approximately 1 kg, equivalent to 13% of the full refrigerant charge. These values enable the European Commission to make projections of bus specific emission levels of HFC-134a beyond 2010 if no additional policies and measures are undertaken. Extract from the table of contents: refill-based survey on use-phase leakage rate; selection criteria for a representative bus survey (main features of MACs of buses over 8 t GVW; 5 main technologies of bus MACs; high leakage risk due to long piping and numerous connections); composition of the analysed Swedish sample; the annual leakage of bus and coach air conditioners (overall leakage rates; leakage rates by design and fuel type, by bus manufacturers and by MAC makes; age dependency; reasons for lower MAC leakage rates of coaches compared to buses; similar rate of new coach and bus MACs). In the annex: estimation of excluded regular leakage; issues of measurement uncertainty in recorded refills; and contribution of individual components to the leakage rates. This final report can be downloaded from the Web site: ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/fluor/studies_en.htm. See also this Bulletin, references 2008-1423 and 1425.

Détails

  • Titre original : Establishment of leakage rates of mobile air conditioners in heavy duty vehicles. 2. Buses and coaches. Final report.
  • Identifiant de la fiche : 2008-1424
  • Langues : Anglais
  • Sujet : Chiffres, économie, Réglementation, Technologie, Environnement, Alternatives aux HFC
  • Édition : European commission, dg environnement - Belgique/Belgique
  • Date d'édition : 31/01/2007
  • Source : Source : 61 p. (21 x 29.7); fig.; phot.; tabl.; ref.; 3 append.

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