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Évaluation du R-744 et du R-454C dans les applications de conditionnement d'air et de pompe à chaleur dans les bus.

Evaluation of R-744 and R-454C in bus air conditioning and heat pump applications.

Numéro : 0103

Auteurs : PETERSEN M., KUJAK S., NAYAK G., HOUDEK P., KOLDA M.

Résumé

Mass transit bus air conditioning and heat pump system designs need to provide efficient and reliable operation for a wide range of climatic conditions as they are deployed in different regions globally. Electrification of buses is a measure to reduce carbon emissions in urban areas. R-744, has been gaining adoption as a refrigerant for use in these applications. R-744 use as an air conditioning refrigerant is challenged by its low critical point and thus limits its thermodynamic efficiency. These inherent efficiency penalties in cooling are potentially offset by its competitive performance in heating operation and extended lower temperature operating map versus currently used R-407C refrigerants. This paper provides an overview of an evaluation of a prototype R-744 air conditioning heat pump system for electric and hybrid bus applications and compare it to the performance of currently available R-407C systems as well as lower GWP option R-454C. A simple thermodynamic model as well as detailed system model are used to investigate the performance for heating and cooling operation.

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Format PDF

Pages : 10

Disponible

  • Prix public

    20 €

  • Prix membre*

    Gratuit

* meilleur tarif applicable selon le type d'adhésion (voir le détail des avantages des adhésions individuelles et collectives)

Détails

  • Titre original : Evaluation of R-744 and R-454C in bus air conditioning and heat pump applications.
  • Identifiant de la fiche : 30031486
  • Langues : Anglais
  • Sujet : Technologie
  • Source : Proceedings of the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
  • Date d'édition : 21/08/2023
  • DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.18462/iir.icr.2023.0103

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