Share

IIR document

Evaluation of R-744 and R-454C in bus air conditioning and heat pump applications.

Number: 0103

Author(s) : PETERSEN M., KUJAK S., NAYAK G., HOUDEK P., KOLDA M.

Summary

Mass transit bus air conditioning and heat pump system designs need to provide efficient and reliable operation for a wide range of climatic conditions as they are deployed in different regions globally. Electrification of buses is a measure to reduce carbon emissions in urban areas. R-744, has been gaining adoption as a refrigerant for use in these applications. R-744 use as an air conditioning refrigerant is challenged by its low critical point and thus limits its thermodynamic efficiency. These inherent efficiency penalties in cooling are potentially offset by its competitive performance in heating operation and extended lower temperature operating map versus currently used R-407C refrigerants. This paper provides an overview of an evaluation of a prototype R-744 air conditioning heat pump system for electric and hybrid bus applications and compare it to the performance of currently available R-407C systems as well as lower GWP option R-454C. A simple thermodynamic model as well as detailed system model are used to investigate the performance for heating and cooling operation.

Available documents

Format PDF

Pages: 10

Available

  • Public price

    20 €

  • Member price*

    Free

* Best rate depending on membership category (see the detailed benefits of individual and corporate memberships).

Details

  • Original title: Evaluation of R-744 and R-454C in bus air conditioning and heat pump applications.
  • Record ID : 30031486
  • Languages: English
  • Subject: Technology
  • Source: Proceedings of the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
  • Publication date: 2023/08/21
  • DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18462/iir.icr.2023.0103

Links


See other articles from the proceedings (492)
See the conference proceedings

Indexing