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Emperor penguins and climate change.

Author(s) : BARBRAUD C., WEIMERSKIRCH H.

Type of article: Article

Summary

Variations in ocean-atmosphere coupling over time in the Southern Ocean have dominant effects on sea-ice extent and ecosystem structure, but the ultimate consequences of such environmental changes for large marine predators cannot be accurately predicted because of the absence of long-term data on key demographic parameters. The authors use the longest time series available on demographic parameters of an Antarctic large predator breeding on fast ice and relying on food resources from the Southern Ocean. They show that over the past 50 years, the population of Emperor penguins in Terre Adélie has declined by 50% because of a decrease in adult survival during the late 1970s. At this time there was a prolonged abnormally warm period with reduced sea-ice extent. Mortality rates increased when warm sea-surface temperatures occurred in the foraging area and when annual sea-ice extent was reduced, and were higher for males than for females. In contrast with survival, Emperor penguins hatched fewer eggs when winter sea-ice was extended. These results indicate strong and contrasting effects of large-scale oceanographic processes and sea-ice extent on the demography of Emperor penguins, and their potential high susceptibility to climate change.

Details

  • Original title: Emperor penguins and climate change.
  • Record ID : 2002-0528
  • Languages: English
  • Subject: Environment, General information
  • Source: Nature - vol. 411 - n. 6834
  • Publication date: 2001/05/10
  • Document available for consultation in the library of the IIR headquarters only.

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