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Water droplet solidification is a common phase-change process encountered in numerous environmental and engineering applications. However, direct observation of transient internal solidification phenomena in conventional three-dimensional (3D) droplets remains challenging because of optical obstruction and interfacial curvature. In this study, a Hele-Shaw cell is employed to confine water droplets into a quasi-twodimensional (2D) geometry, allowing the internal freezing process and trapped-air-bubble evolution to be directly visualized under substrate temperatures ranging from -12 °C to -20 °C. The results show that the width, length, and volume of the trapped bubbles exhibit an approximately bell-shaped variation along the droplet height. As the substrate temperature decreases from -12 °C to -20 °C, the average bubble width, length, and individual volume decrease by 45.7%, 41.6%, and 78.2%, respectively. In addition, the bubble width decreases with increasing local freezing-front rate and follows an approximately inverse square-root scaling. These findings reveal a close coupling between freezing-front propagation and bubble entrapment during confined droplet solidification and provide useful insight into internal freezing processes that are difficult to resolve in conventional 3D droplets.
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Details
- Original title: Study on distribution characteristics and regulation of trapped air bubbles in twodimensional droplets.
- Record ID : 30035377
- Languages: English
- Subject: Technology
- Source: 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Xi'an China, September 16-18, 2026.
- Publication date: 2026/09
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18462/iir.pcm.2026.0030
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Indexing
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Themes:
Two-phase secondary refrigerants (PCMs, ice slurries…);
Water - Keywords: Water; PCM; Droplet; Bubble; Expérimentation
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Analysis of influencing factors on melting time...
- Author(s) : GUO J., MA X., WANG H., ZHANG W., MENG Q., WANG B., LI X., SHI W.
- Date : 2026/09
- Languages : English
- Source: 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Xi'an China, September 16-18, 2026.
- Formats : PDF
View record
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A thermal stability study of the urea-sodium ni...
- Author(s) : QUANT L., DIARCE G., CAMPOS-CELADOR A., et al.
- Date : 2018/05/21
- Languages : English
- Source: 12th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Orford, Canada, May 21-23, 2018.
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Synergistic regulation of dispersion stability ...
- Author(s) : GUANG X., LIU S., WANG T.
- Date : 2026/09
- Languages : English
- Source: 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Xi'an China, September 16-18, 2026.
- Formats : PDF
View record
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Optimization of the formulation of a phase chan...
- Author(s) : NIEDERMAIER S., GÖHRING A., BIEDENBACH M., et al.
- Date : 2016/05/18
- Languages : English
- Source: 11th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Karlsruhe, Germany, May 18-20, 2016.
- Formats : PDF
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Rheological investigations of paraffin based ph...
- Author(s) : KAPPELS T., HANU L., POLLERBERG C.
- Date : 2016/05/18
- Languages : English
- Source: 11th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Proceedings: Karlsruhe, Germany, May 18-20, 2016.
- Formats : PDF
View record