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IIR document
Model-based prediction and experimental verification of eutectic PCM.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Melting of PCM: correlations for natural convection onset.
Development of PCM based packaging material for thermal buffering.
Organic PCM thermal storage.
Numerical modelling of a PCM embedded in periodic structures.
Heat transfer coefficients during laminar flow of microencapsulated PCM fluid.
Numerical assessment of the impact of a pcm thermal conductivity on a storage system’s performance.
Évaluation numérique de l’impact de la conductivité thermique d’un PCM sur les performances d’un système de stockage.
Nano-PCM storage with finned elliptical cross-section channels.
Study on the effect of nanoparticle dispersion on the melting of PCM in hemicylindrical cell.
How to measure the melting enthalpy of semicongruently melting salt hydrate PCM.
Heat transfer modeling of PCM thermal storage at cryogenic temperatures.
Preparation and performance of form-stable TBAB hydrate/SiO2 composite PCM for cold energy storage.
Numerical model calibration for composite-PCM LTES.
Analysis of TES with PCM (Solid/Liquid) integrated in a residential system.
Experimental study on portable air-conditioning system with enhanced PCM condenser.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
948 results
Promising performances for a PCM used in refrigerated transport
British and Chinese scientists collaborated to develop a refrigerated container which can keep the inside temperature between 5 and 12°C for up to 120 hours.
The expansion of refrigeration applications of Thermal Energy Storage and PCMs
Based on a selection of papers from two recent IIR conferences, overview of thermal energy storage and PCM applications in the fields of refrigerated transport, display cabinets, fishing vessels, food processing...
PCMs to reduce energy consumption in buildings
A recent review article describes the principles of latent heat thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials (PCMs), and their applications to improve thermal performance in the building...
Heat exchanger design can improve the performance of PCMs
According to a recent review article, optimising the design of heat exchangers in latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES) is one way of improving the thermal conductivity of phase change materials...
PCMs to keep superchilled temperatures in consumer packages
Consumer packages may be placed at +15 °C for 25-40 min longer thanks to the PCM
Investigating PCMs in display cabinets
The test results showed that up to 5% energy savings and lower cabinet temperatures could be achieved. (Paper presented during the 3rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain in London, UK, in June 2014)
PCMs and ice slurries: PCMs: two recent applications
Phase-change materials (PCMs) can provide thermal storage which means that they can absorb thermal energy when they solidify and release it when they melt. This can be very useful to dampen temperature swings. PCMs are usually water-based and are...
PCM2016 conference: TBAB hydrate slurry based latent heat thermal storage system
Combining latent heat thermal storage with night time generation of TBAB hydrate slurry can significantly reduce the investment cost of systems for cooling purposes.
PCM2016 highlights: The supercooled water method: a promising technique for ice slurry generation
The following summary refers to a paper presented during the 11th Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (PCM2016) IIR conference which took place on May 18-20 in Karlsruhe, Germany. This paper can be downloaded...
PCMs and ice slurries: Broccoli preservation with ice slurry
Preserving the quality of extremely perishable vegetables such as broccoli is dependent on rapid and thorough cooling immediately after harvest and maintaining at a low temperature during storage or processing. The lower the storage temperature...
PCM thermal energy storage for indoor environments
During the IIR PCM 2018 conference which took place on May 21-23 in Orford, Canada, numerous applications of phase-change materials (PCMs) and slurries were presented, including in commercial refrigeration (refrigerated display cabinets), domestic...
Incorporating PCMs in buildings material for energy conservation
The incorporation of PCMs in building materials is particularly interesting since it permits thermal storage to become a part of the building structure and is completely passive.
IPCC/TEAP Special Report
The Summary for Policy Makers of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)/ Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Special Report "Safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system: issues related to hydrofluorocarbons...
Climate change issues: IPCC Report 2007
The IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007, which was released in May 2007, provides very valuable figures on greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, including those of fluorinated gases (CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs) used in refrigeration. - In 2004, the...
Briefs: IPCC/TEAP Special Report on Ozone and Climate
The 8th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 14th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol invited the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Technology and...
IIR news
256 results
PCM Conference
A look back at the PCM conference held in Paris, France, from May 29 to 31, 2024.
PCM 2018
Review of the 12th IIR International Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (PCM 2018).
Call for abstracts ends December 20 - IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries
The call for abstracts to the 13th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (PCM 2021) is now open.
Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment
Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.
Past events: September and October 2021
Focus on the latest events involving the IIR.
IIR reaches a key milestone: over 10 years of conferences now referenced in Web of Science
The IIR is now indexed in Web of Science, with continuous referencing starting from 2014. This highlights the quality of its conferences and its authors’ contributions, while making research more accessible to...
IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events
IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.
What’s on the IIR’s 2024 conference calendar?
The IIR calendar for 2024 features a promising choice of events covering cutting-edge refrigeration themes such as the cold chain, natural refrigerants, compressor technologies and much more!
Check out the upcoming cutting edge IIR events for 2016
IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events.
See what's in our events calendar for 2016!
ICR2015 may be over, but the IIR’s conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting-edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.
Check out the latest news from FRISBEE!
In this issue two hot topics: the test carried out to increase refrigerator performance and field test monitoring of the food cold chain in European markets.
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
ICR 2023: It was nice to meet you at our booth!
The IIR’s booth received a large number of visitors. From regulars who came to say hello to curious onlookers drawn by the extensive display to participants looking for information, exchanges were varied and...
Discover the IIR Conference papers from 2021
Thanks to the support of its international network, last year, the IIR organised a staggering seven conferences dedicated to key themes of refrigeration.
Upcoming IIR events: Dinan
Register on line for the 7th Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries, September 13-15, 2006 in Dinan, France. Themes: thermophysical properties of PCMs and slurries: measurements and identification; transport phenomena of phase-change...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
10 results
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Events
4 results
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
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IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
1st IIR International Conference on Refrigeration Adapting to Rising Temperatures
August 10, 2025 - August 13, 2025
Manchester, United Kingdom
Early bird registration until 20 May 2025! The International Institute of Refrigeration is proud to announce...
7th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants
June 15, 2025 - June 18, 2025
College Park, United States
Deadline for registration: June 6! The 7th conference in this series will cover a wide scope of research on thermophysical properties...
