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IIR document
Diesel explosion of propane at pump-down of air conditioner.
Simulation of the boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) process of R290.
Hazard evaluation of difluoromethane cloud explosion.
Hazard evaluation of R32/R1234ze(E) cloud explosion.
Explosion characteristics of mildly flammable refrigerants ignited with high-energy ignition sources in closed systems.
Study on the effect of different factors over the explosion range for new alternative refrigerants HFC-32.
[In Chinese. / En chinois.]
Explosion characteristics of chlorodifluoromethane and isobutane at high temperature and pressure using a 20-L apparatus.
Corrigendum to ‘Explosion characteristics of chlorodifluoromethane and isobutane at high temperature and pressure using a 20-L apparatus’ [International Journal of Refrigeration 96C (2018) 155–160].
Experimental research on the explosion characteristics in the indoor and outdoor units of a split air conditioner using the R290 refrigerant.
Effect of reaction inhibitor on diesel explosion of split air conditioners
The compliance of ammonia refrigeration plants with the dangerous substances and explosive atmospheres regulations 2002 (DSEAR) as required by the EU ATEX Directives.
Effect of lubricating oil additives on compressor explosion accident in pump-down operation of an air conditioner.
Disproportionation risk study for trifluoroethylene composition as low-GWP refrigerants.
Safety related properties of low-GWP refrigerants.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
10 results
New Zealand: lessons learnt from cold store explosion
A recent coronial inquest into the explosion in April 2008 of a cold store in Tamahere, New Zealand, following a hydrocarbon refrigerant leak, has revealed a number of deficiencies.
Explosion of the number of air conditioners in China
A report of the International Energy Agency gives interesting figures on air conditioning in China.
Fake refrigerants cause havoc
A series of reefer explosions could have been caused by impure refrigerants
Incidents with fake refrigerants
Incidents involving fake refrigerants have hit the headlines on various occasions recently. The incidents often involve R40 (methyl chloride), a hazardous chemical compound, or other substances.
Propane air conditioners: improving leakage safety
The latest research and developments in leakage safety of R290 air conditioners are presented in several articles recently published in the IJR.
An ice barrier to stop radioactive water leaks at Fukushima
In early September, Japan’s government gave the go ahead on a project to create a mile-long artificial permafrost barrier around the Fukushima power station to stop radioactive water from leaking.
China evaluates the real risks of hydrocarbons
According to JARN, China intends to switch half its production of split air conditioners to propane in order to meet the objectives of the HCFC Phase-Out Management Plan by 2015.This involved identifying potential leakage points and using...
A propane heat pump with compact bionic heat exchangers
In Germany, Fraunhofer has developed a propane heat pump using compact finned heat exchangers with distribution boxes whose structure is inspired by nature.
Dry-ice blasting: an efficient way to clean food-production equipment
Continental Carbonic claims it has found a way to clean food-production equipment with less water and faster results than conventional methods
Alternative low-GWP refrigerants for transport refrigeration.
Summary of a paper presented during the 12th IIR Gustave Lorentzen conference on Natural refrigerant, available in Fridoc.
IIR news
3 results
Call for industrial partners for joint industry cryogenics project linked to LNG production
Become a project partner: Join the Joint Industry Project of MINES ParisTech – ARMINES “Evaluation of the crystallization risk in LNG production”.
IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2018 attracts its largest number of participants yet
With a focus on natural refrigerants, principally ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, the 13th conference in the series attracted the largest number of participants yet, welcoming an impressive 300 individuals from 45 different countries and...
Activities of the IIR’s Commission D2 on Refrigerated Transport
The role of the IIR is well recognized worldwide, and in particular the expertise of the members of Commission D2 makes an important contribution to refrigerated transport issues: avoiding the wastage of food and the minimizing of emissions.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
2 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
