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Cold Chain Technology Brief: Commercial, Professional and Domestic Refrigeration

Author(s) : NEBOT-ANDRÉS L., BARTA R. B., BAHA M., HAMMAMI S., KITANOVSKI A., DHUMANE R., EVANS J.

Type of article: Techincal Brief, Thematic file

Summary

This brief provides a comprehensive overview of the role and challenges of commercial, professional, and domestic refrigeration within the global cold chain. These systems are essential for preserving food, medicines, and vaccines, yet they face persistent issues related to temperature control, energy consumption, and refrigerant emissions. The cold chain remains vulnerable to inefficiencies, especially in its final stages, where inconsistent temperatures and poor maintenance practices can compromise product safety and increase environmental impact. Despite technological progress, a significant share of products still exceeds recommended temperature thresholds, and energy use remains high across all sectors.

This document highlights the dual environmental impact of refrigeration systems: indirect emissions from electricity consumption, and direct emissions from refrigerant leakage. While commercial refrigeration systems are particularly prone to leaks, domestic systems are increasingly adopting low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants such as R-600a. Energy efficiency improvements, such as inverter-driven compressors,better insulation, and smart controls, are key to reducing emissions. However, data gaps persist in many regions, especially in developing countries, limiting the ability to assess and improve performance globally. Emerging technologies, including solid-state refrigeration, offer promising alternatives but require further development to become commercially viable.

To effectively address these challenges, countries may consider the establishment of national governance structures, such as dedicated refrigeration committees. These bodies can play a pivotal role in coordinating policies, integrating refrigeration considerations into national climate and energy strategies, and ensuring alignment with international commitments like the Paris Agreement and the Kigali Amendment.

The brief further recommends the development of harmonised guidelines, enhanced training programs, and robust regulatory frameworks to promote the safe, efficient, and sustainable operation of refrigeration systems across all segments of the cold chain.

Available documents

Technology Brief: Commercial, Professional and Domestic Refrigeration (English version)

Pages: 16 p.

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Power Point of the webinar (in english)

Pages: 55 p.

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