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Comprehensive review of alternative refrigerants to R410A: progress, challenges, and future directions.

Author(s) : KADHEM M. K., AL-SAYYAB A. K. S.

Type of article: IJR article

Summary

With the growing global environmental concerns, especially regarding highly efficient air conditioning systems, identifying refrigerants with high efficiency and low Global Warming Potential (GWP) has become a critical issue. Over the past decade, R410A has been widely used in various air conditioning systems due to its favourable thermal performance. However, its high GWP value (2088) raises significant environmental concerns. Conse quently, substantial efforts have been made worldwide to develop and adopt environmentally friendly alterna tives refrigerants to R410A that offer enhanced performance. The current study comprehensively reviews the state-of-the-art R410A alternative refrigerants, focusing on their coefficient of performance (COP), environ mental impact, and safety concerns—such as flammability and toxicity—under drop-in applications and systems requiring modifications. R1234yf, is a low-GWP refrigerant, offers environmental advantages over R410A but suffers from relatively low performance. Conversely, R32 performs better than R410A; however, its high flammability, makes it a less desirable option especially in high-capacity systems. Based on both experimental and simulation results, the blended refrigerant R454B exhibited comparable performance to that of R410A, which has moderate flamma bility (classified as A2L) appear to be the most promising alternatives for high performance. The key challenge in selecting new refrigerants remains balancing between the high performance, low GWP, and non-flammability

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Pages: 18

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Details

  • Original title: Comprehensive review of alternative refrigerants to R410A: progress, challenges, and future directions.
  • Record ID : 30034978
  • Languages: English
  • Subject: Technology, Environment
  • Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 188
  • Publication date: 2026/08
  • DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.106963

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