Search results

Sviluppo di chillers a basso GWP.

Development of low GWP chillers.

• Author(s) : ACHAICHIA N., MATTEO G.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : R1234yf, Low pressure, Low GWP, Chiller, R1234ze, Development
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 40 - n.403
• Formats : PDF

Sviluppi sullo scambio termico con refrigeranti a basso-GWP.

Developments on heat exchange with low GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : AZZOLIN M., BORTOLIN S., CAVALLINI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2017
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Low GWP, R32, R290, R1234ze(E), Propane, HFO, Expérimentation, Refrigerant
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 41 - n.408
• Formats : PDF

Evaluación energética de una instalación frigorífica empleando refrigerantes de bajo GWP.

Energy assessment of a refrigeration plant using low GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : SÁNCHEZ D., ARAUZO I., CATALAN J.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Thermal property, R134a, Low GWP, Physical property, Refrigerating plant, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Lower GWP refrigerants for refrigeration applications.

• Author(s) : ARIMOTO H., TSUCHIYA T., YAMADA Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Substitute, Performance, Flammability, GWP, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

L'alliance des fluides à faible GWP et des lubrifiants.

Mixing low GWP refrigerants with lubricants.

• Author(s) : BEATTIE R. J., KARNAZ J. A.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Solubility, Generality, Lubricant, Miscibility, GWP, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - vol. 104 - n. 1154

IIR document

Thermodynamic properties of low-GWP alternative refrigerants.

• Author(s) : FUKUSHIMA M., HAYAMIZU H., HASHIMOTO M.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low GWP, Thermodynamic property, Substitute, Expérimentation, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Ultra-low GWP (<1) solutions for food processing and food preservation.

• Author(s) : SAN ROMÁN M., ACHAICHIA N.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food industry, Low GWP, Heat recovery, R744, R1234ze, Substitute, GWP, Testing, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Refrigeranti a basso potenziale di riscaldamento globale e loro effeti sul compressore scroll.

Low GWP refrigerants and their effects on a scroll compressor.

• Author(s) : BACHIR B.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Generality, Performance, Flammability, Hydrocarbon, GWP, Refrigerant, Scroll compressor
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 39 - n.391
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Low-GWP halocarbon refrigerants: a review of thermophysical properties.

• Author(s) : FEDELE L., BOBBO S., DI NICOLA G., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural refrigerant, Low GWP, Review, Substitute, HFO, HFC
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Safety related properties of low-GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : ASKAR E., SCHRODER V., GÖPFERT T., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Safety, Calculation, Low GWP, R32, Flammability, Explosion, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

POE lubricant candidates for low GWP Refrigerants.

• Author(s) : CHEN Y. K., HUNG J-T., TANG H-H., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solubility, Polyolester, Lubricant, Low GWP, Miscibility, HFO, Refrigerant
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Non-flammable, lower GWP alternatives to R-404A.

• Author(s) : KIM S., ABBAS L., RACHED W., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Commercial application, R404A, Thermodynamic property, Substitute, GWP, Testing, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Novel reduced GWP refrigerant compositions for stationary air conditioning.

• Author(s) : HUGHES J., LECK T.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Physical property, Performance, HFC, GWP, Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The developing of lower GWP refrigerants.

• Author(s) : OHKUBO S., FLOHR F., GOBOH K., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Low GWP, R454A, R407h, R404A, Thermodynamic property, Stability, Flammability, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Water (R718) as a low-GWP alternative.

• Author(s) : MADSBOLL H., PACHAI A. C.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural refrigerant, Safety, Low GWP, Design, Chiller, R718, Axial compressor, Market, Water
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Alternative refrigerants to high-GWP HFCs

Intensification of international regulations on HFCs such as the Kigali Agreement or the European F-Gas Regulation leads refrigerant manufacturers to search for alternatives to high-GWP HFCs. Focus on some alternatives to R410A and R23.

• Publication date : 2019/06/26
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Low-GWP alternatives in refrigerated transport

An EPA fact sheet provides full details on alternatives to HFCs: R744, R717, hydrocarbons and HFOs, and describes alternative technologies: cryogenic systems, secondary loop systems, eutectic plates, hermetic and semi-hermetic vapour-compression...

• Publication date : 2012/04/19

New low-GWP refrigerants popping up

Asahi Glass and DuPont recently announced the development of new low-GWP alternative refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2014/08/07

European Union: insufficient training on low-GWP refrigerants

Within the context of the revision of the EU F-gas Regulation that could include measures in favour of decreased use of HFCs in refrigerating equipment, AREA sought an overview of the availability and level of training regarding low-GWP and in...

• Publication date : 2012/05/03

Further tests on low GWP refrigerants

The Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) is going to launch a second phase of its low GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP).

• Publication date : 2014/02/10

Alternative low-GWP refrigerants for transport refrigeration.

Summary of a paper presented during the 12th IIR Gustave Lorentzen conference on Natural refrigerant, available in Fridoc.

• Publication date : 2017/02/08

AHRI launches a low-GWP alternative refrigerant evaluation programme

In response to environmental concerns raised by the use of high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) is launching an industry-wide cooperative research program to identify...

• Publication date : 2011/06/08

HFC134a/HFO1234yf mixture: lower GWP without flammability

A recent study* published in the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) by Inha University, South Korea, compared the performance of HFC134a, HFO1234yf and HFO1234yf/HFC134a mixtures at three compositions of 5%, 10% and 15% HFC134a

• Publication date : 2013/11/04

EU: High-GWP HFC shortages and price rises

Several refrigeration associations in the EU have warned of severe refrigerant supply problems in their countries.

• Publication date : 2018/03/21
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

USA: Update on the high-GWP HFC ban

In January, the U.S. Court of Appeals denied petitions for a rehearing of its ruling on high-GWP HFCs.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

A new organisation offers advice on low GWP solutions

Six refrigerant manufacturers regrouped to create GlobalFACT, a resource for information on the latest news, research and improvements in advanced technologies and low GWP refrigeration solutions.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18
• Subjects: Environment

Evaluating lubricants for lower GWP refrigerant compressor operation.

Summary of an interesting paper from the recent Purdue conference.

• Publication date : 2017/03/06

Performance test results of alternative low-GWP refrigerants to R410A

Emerson Climate Technologies has published the results of drop-in tests of new low GWP refrigerants, L41b and DR5, in a R410A scroll compressor.

• Publication date : 2014/06/18

California could ban the sale of high-GWP HFCs by 2020

The proposal seeks emission reductions to help California meet its 2030 greenhouse gas reduction targets.

• Publication date : 2016/07/08
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

AREA new guide on training and certification on low GWP refrigerants.

AREA, Air conditioning and Refrigeration European Association, has published its Guidance on minimum requirements for contractors' training & certification on low GWP refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2014/12/16

New in the Encyclopedia: updated GWP values for HFCs

Find all the GWP values over 100 years and 20 years for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2023/09/22
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note. Low-GWP Refrigerants: Status and Outlook

The latest IIR Informatory Note outlines the options available for low-GWP refrigerants and their respective performance. It provides a series of recommendations on refrigerant...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Submit your abstracts to the 3rd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends

To be organised by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), the call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs has now been launched. Submit...

• Publication date : 2022/04/25
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology, Environment

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Conference update: Singapore

The 1st IIR Cold Chain Conference will take place in Singapore on April 27-29, 2009. Keep updated: brendan@airah.org.au, www.airah.org.au

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Conference update: Singapore

The 1st IIR Cold Chain Conference will take place in Singapore, on April 27-29, 2009. Keep updated: david@airah.org.au or

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Conference update: Singapore

The 1st IIR Cold Chain Conference that was scheduled to take place in Singapore on April 27-29, 2009 is postponed. It will be held at another venue: for updates, check out

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Singapore event postponed : watch this space

Due to the current world economic situation, the IIR, the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating (AIRAH) and the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA) have postponed the 1st IIR International Cold Chain Conference which...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration

After a year’s research project into low GWP cooling, Star Refrigeration proposes a new chiller using R1234ze.

• Publication date : 2014/02/03

IIR member news: AFCE and Cemafroid

Thanks to the support of AFCE (IIR member), ADEME and UNICLIMA, EReIE, Armines and Cemafroid (IIR member) have prepared a study on alternatives to high-GWP HFCs in refrigeration and air-conditioning applications.

• Publication date : 2014/02/13
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

MOPIA joins the REAL Alternatives project

REAL Alternatives, the international programme for low GWP alternatives training for technicians, is delighted to announce that MOPIA, the Manitoba Ozone Protection Industry Association, has joined the...

• Publication date : 2021/03/03
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

IIR Member news: New Mitsubishi Electric Ecodan R290 heat pumps for residential use

The new Mitsubishi Electric Ecodan R290 heat pumps provide higher capacities for residential heating, using propane as a low-GWP refrigerant and operating efficiently in low temperatures. 

• Publication date : 2025/04/21

TPTPR2025 – the IIR’s conference on refrigerant research: Conference highlights and proceedings now available on FRIDOC

The 7th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants (TPTPR2025) convened leading researchers to present the latest findings on low-GWP refrigerants and advanced...

• Publication date : 2025/08/21
• Subjects: Technology

Driving Consistent and High-Quality Training on Alternative Refrigerants Across Europe

Real Alternatives is driving consistent and high-quality training on low-GWP alternative refrigerants across Europe, providing a comprehensive certification system to support the transition away from fluorinated...

• Publication date : 2025/03/18

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG