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Electric battery energy storage and thermal energy storage.

Number: 3426

Author(s) : WOODS J., KOZUBAL E.

Summary

Energy storage at buildings can shift electric load to low-cost or low-emission periods, reducing the overall cost and environmental impact for operating buildings. This storage includes electric batteries, which directly shifts the metered load, and thermal energy storage, which shifts thermal-driven electric loads like air conditioning. While these are often seen as competing technologies, there can also be synergies between the two. In this paper, we discuss high-level advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy storage versus electrical batteries. We show how thermal storage coupled with an HVAC system often has a lower upfront cost than electric batteries—displacing electric batteries with thermal storage can reduce the initial $/kWhe cost of a new storage system. We also show how batteries can be more flexible in their response to signals designed to limit a building’s peak demand. Using thermal storage with batteries can often lead to optimal solutions. Previous research has shown how this can reduce the cost of ownership, increase battery cycle life, and maximize the demand flexibility for different scenarios. In this work, we supplement this with experiments that combine a 30-ton chiller, a 160-tonh ice storage tank, and a 40-kWh electric battery. These are used together to reduce peak demand. We show how in the hybrid system, the chiller can operate at part load, at a high efficiency, reducing overall energy use, increasing the effective energy density of the thermal storage, and reducing its electric equivalent first cost. We also show how the efficiency of the HVAC&R equipment coupled to thermal storage, both the baseline equipment without storage and the equipment operating during discharge, has a strong impact on the electric equivalent first cost of thermal storage.

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Pages: 10 p.

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Details

  • Original title: Electric battery energy storage and thermal energy storage.
  • Record ID : 30032934
  • Languages: English
  • Source: 2024 Purdue Conferences. 8th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
  • Publication date: 2024/07/15

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