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Frontiers in refrigeration and cooling: how to obtain and sustain ultralow temperatures beyond nature's ambience.

Author(s) : KÖNIG R.

Type of article: Article, IJR article

Summary

The investigation of matter at very low temperatures close to absolute zero is a powerful and important subject as it provides the unique possibility for studying physical properties, e.g. phase transitions, in an environment where most of the unavoidable disturbances present at higher temperatures are almost completely frozen out. In particular, the improvement of the standard cooling techniques for mK- and microK temperatures, i.e. helium 3-helium 4 dilution refrigeration and adiabatic nuclear refrigeration, respectively, opens up a temperature range for the study of liquid and solid matter several orders of magnitude, below the minimum temperature existing in nature (background temperature of the universe, about 2.7 K). In this paper, some important contributions obtained at the ultralow temperature facility at the University of Bayreuth are discussed: the achievement of a minimum electronic temperature of 1.5 microK by adiabatic nuclear refrigeration of platinum; the progress in improving the thermal coupling between different materials at low temperatures, and recent developments in low temperature thermometry.

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Pages: 577-587

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Details

  • Original title: Frontiers in refrigeration and cooling: how to obtain and sustain ultralow temperatures beyond nature's ambience.
  • Record ID : 2001-0641
  • Languages: English
  • Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 23 - n. 8
  • Publication date: 2000/12

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