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Assessment of suitable system circuits and compressors for the refrigerant R744 (CO2).

Author(s) : KAISER H., FRÖSCHLE M.

Summary

The regulation draft on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases, the directive on emissions from air conditioning plants in vehicles and the change to the directive 70/156/EWG have been accepted. The F Gas Regulation is to limit and reduce emissions of fluorocarbons (HFCs) from refrigeration and air conditioning plants. The agreed legal package is an important contribution to reaching the climate protection targets set for the EU and its member states in the Kyoto Protocol. Even before the F Gas Regulation came into force in July 2006, the natural refrigerant CO2 was being discussed as a possible alternative to the F gases. Carbon dioxide is the only non flammable and virtually non toxic refrigerant which is also suitable for cold vapour processes in the usual range of temperatures for today's refrigeration and heat pump applications. The caloric material properties of carbon dioxide mean that when used as a refrigerant in compression refrigeration processes there are considerably higher pressures than were usual in refrigeration processes until now. Advantages resulting from the high volumetric refrigeration capacity of CO2, the compressor design volumes can be kept very compact. Low price and ready availability also speak for using CO2. The most promising applications for CO2 as a refrigerant are certainly heat pump and supermarket applications as well as vehicle air conditioning. This includes rail air conditioning as well as buses and private motor vehicles. While there are already many examples of CO2 being used at the low pressure stage of up to about 40 bar in stationary cascade plants, more recently supermarkets, in Scandinavia especially, have been equipped with CO2 at the high pressure stage as well.

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Pages: 2009-6

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Details

  • Original title: Assessment of suitable system circuits and compressors for the refrigerant R744 (CO2).
  • Record ID : 2009-2307
  • Languages: English
  • Subject: Regulation, Technology
  • Source: Compressors 2009: 7th International Conference on Compressors and Coolants
  • Publication date: 2009/09/02

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