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Commercial refrigeration: on the way to sustainability.

Author(s) : KRUSE H.

Summary

The environmental issues of ozone depletion covered by the Montreal Protocol 1987 and greenhouse gas emissions as dealt with in the Kyoto Protocol 1997 have led to a big change in all refrigeration applications because the most widely used CFC, HCFC and HFC refrigerants contributed markedly to ozone depletion and global warming. Among those systems, besides automotive air conditioning, commercial refrigeration systems, especially in supermarkets, were in the past one of the largest emitters of ozone-depleting and global-warming refrigerants. Therefore, a lot of efforts were undertaken in order to use new refrigerants in this field for reducing the large emissions as have been stated in the past. This keynote paper addresses the developments concerning refrigerant substitution and emissions reductions, especially in supermarket systems, from the past single stage R502 systems via the intermediate solutions of HCFC and HFC direct and indirect supermarket systems with flammable and non flammable natural fluids as refrigerants such as hydrocarbons, ammonia and carbon dioxide in indirect and cascade configurations for both temperature levels up to recently developed and installed direct expansion carbon dioxide systems.

Available documents

Format PDF

Pages: 8-30 (12 p.)

Available

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Format PDF

Pages: 8-30 (12 p.)

Available

Free

Download

Details

  • Original title: Commercial refrigeration: on the way to sustainability.
  • Record ID : 2006-0819
  • Languages: English
  • Subject: Technology, Environment, General information
  • Source: Commercial Refrigeration. Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants. Proceedings of the IIR International Conferences.
  • Publication date: 2006/01

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