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Freeze-drying experiences with troubleshooting.

Author(s) : WILLEMER H.

Summary

Problems are presented which have been observed during freezing and freeze-drying. The analysis of such problems called troubleshooting will be presented in four groups: variations in the structure of the dried product; collapse during main drying; stoppers for closing of vials; and different loads in one plant. Problems with the installation are described in the sequence of their priority with respect to a safe operation of the plant.

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Details

  • Original title: Freeze-drying experiences with troubleshooting.
  • Record ID : 2000-1627
  • Languages: English
  • Source: 20th International Congress of Refrigeration: Refrigeration into the Third Millennium.
  • Publication date: 1999/09/19

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