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Heat pump systems with ammonia as refrigerant.

Author(s) : HALOZAN H., RIEBERER R.

Summary

Heat pumps offer the possibility of reducing energy consumption significantly, mainly in the building sector, but also in industry. The second law of thermodynamics shows the following advantage: while a condensing boiler can reach a primary energy ratio of at best 105% (i.e. the boiler efficiency; the theoretical maximum would be 110%, based on the lower calorific value), heat pumps achieve 200% and more. Presently, about 150 million heat pumps with a thermal output of 1800 TWh/a are in operation world-wide, reducing CO2 emission by about 0.18 Gt/a. The potential for reducing CO2 emissions assuming a 30% share in the building sector using technology presently available is about 6% of the total world-wide CO2 emission of 24 Gt/a. With future technologies up to 16% seem possible. Therefore, heat pumps are one of the key technologies for energy conservation and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, in the case of ammonia even avoiding direct losses.

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Pages: 2006-2

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Details

  • Original title: Heat pump systems with ammonia as refrigerant.
  • Record ID : 2007-1740
  • Languages: English
  • Source: 7th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2006). Proceedings
  • Publication date: 2006/05/29

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