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IIR document

Refrigerating with ammonia.

• Author(s) : PEARSON A.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Industrial application, Safety, R717, Ammonia, History, Low charge, Energy efficiency
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Modelling of ammonia heat pump desuperheaters.

• Author(s) : CHRISTENSEN S. W., ELMEGAARD B., MARKUSSEN W. B., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia, Heat pump, Modelling, Desuperheater, Refrigerant
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Ammonia leak: in case of emergency.

• Author(s) : HARDCASTLE T., PERKS A., RAMLALL M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Management, Ammonia, Leakage, Accident
• Source: RACA Journal - vol. 30 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

Low charge ammonia systems.

• Author(s) : RAGHAVAN K.
• Publication date: 2017/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural refrigerant, Generality, Safety, Chiller, R717, Ammonia, Low charge
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal, Cold Chain - vol. 8 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Identifying and addressing the major causes of ammonia-related accidents in refrigeration plant.

• Author(s) : PEARSON A.
• Publication date: 2014/06/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Design, Ammonia, Failure, Refrigerating plant, Accident
• Source: 3^rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: London, UK, June 23-25, 2014
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The road ahead for ammonia and carbon dioxide refrigerants.

• Author(s) : PEARSON A.
• Publication date: 2019/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, R744, R717, Ammonia, History, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant charge, CO2
• Source: 8^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Extreme low charge units with ammonia blend R723 applications in practice.

• Author(s) : SVINGÁL J.
• Publication date: 2019/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Chiller, R723, Ammonia, Heat pump, Mixture, Low charge
• Source: 8^th Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, Avril 11-13, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of the long-term suitability of ammonia chillers.

• Author(s) : NELSON C.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural refrigerant, Chiller, Ammonia, Low charge, Energy efficiency, Life cycle, Cost
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Performance of hybrid refrigeration system using ammonia.

• Author(s) : LYCHNOS G., TAMAINOT-TELTO Z.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia, Adsorption, Compression system, Performance
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 62 - n. 2

IIR document

Dynamic characteristics of an environment-friendly refrigerant: Ammonia-water based TiO2 nanofluids.

• Author(s) : YANG L., JIANG W., CHEN X., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Ammonia-water, Absorption, Nanofluid, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 82
• Formats : PDF

Ammonia forced circulation air cooler manual. 2.

• Author(s) : PARANJPEY R.
• Publication date: 2016/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Forced flow, Air cooler, Ammonia, Performance, Defrosting
• Source: Cold Chain - vol. 7 - n. 1. Suppl.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Steady-state performance of electrochemical ammonia compression.

• Author(s) : BAKER J., HWANG Y., CAO L., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electricity, R717, Ammonia, Energy storage, Performance, Pressure, Expérimentation, Compressor
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An inquiry into new ammonia resistant potting materials.

• Author(s) : MÖHL C., HESSE U.
• Publication date: 2015/04/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia, Material, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, Compatibility
• Source: 6^th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 16-18, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Compact ammonia refrigeration system for ice rink.

• Author(s) : DRUGHEAN L., GIRIP A., DOBROVICESCU A., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/04/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Control (automatic), Ammonia, Romania, Performance, Skating rink
• Source: 6^th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 16-18, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Scaling parameters between ammonia and water.

• Author(s) : SPINDLER K.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural refrigerant, Heat transfer coefficient, R718, R717, Ammonia, Thermodynamic property, Modelling, Scaling, Boiling, Water
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Updating ammonia dispersion models

Research is underway in order to improve existing ammonia-dispersion behaviour models.

• Publication date : 2012/01/19

Briefs: California promotes ammonia

The US Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) has proposed a bill designed to tackle the issue of high global warming potential (GWP) gases in California, and it is hoped that the bill will pave the way to national legislation. Ammonia is put forward as...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Special permission for Olympic ammonia bobsleigh

Russian authorities granted special permission for the construction of the country’s first ammonia refrigeration plant for the 1814-m bobsleigh track constructed in Krasnaya Polyana in the Western Caucasus, for the 2014 Winter Olympics.

• Publication date : 2012/07/31

Ohrid conference highlights: ammonia refrigeration in China

Over 92% of Chinese cold stores have adopted ammonia as a refrigerant. Over 92% of Chinese cold stores have adopted ammonia as a refrigerant. According to Jianji Zhang, series reciprocating compressors are currently the most widely used due to...

• Publication date : 2013/08/21

UK: ammonia system cuts energy use in brewery

A Yorkshire Heineken brewery has implemented a new ammonia refrigeration system, designed by J&E Hall to operate with the existing monopropylene glycol secondary loop. The new plant has reduced the electricity bill by a third, generated...

• Publication date : 2011/08/17

Asia’s largest cold storage facility to run on ammonia

Ocean Star Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., a seafood processing company in Zhengzhou, Fujian Province, will soon complete the installation of a cold storage facility that is claimed to be the largest not only in China but in the whole of Asia.

• Publication date : 2012/10/16

News from the space: ammonia air conditioning for International Space Station

Astronauts from the space shuttle Discovery completed a 6-hour spacewalk outside the International Space Station in September 2009, installing a new ammonia refrigerant tank. They removed an 816 kg ammonia tank from a cargo carrier attached to the...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Briefs: Development of liquid-ammonia-based CO2 capture is pacing up

Alstom, EPRI and We Energies are launching a pilot project in the United States, using a chilled liquid-ammonia-based solution in order to capture the CO2 rejected by coal-powered power plants. The system captures the gas before isolating it at...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

ISS ammonia leak scare

Ammonia is typically used as a coolant in spaceflight systems.

• Publication date : 2015/01/29

Producing ammonia using less energy

Scientists at the Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed an improved catalyst facilitating the synthesis of ammonia at merely 50°C (when conventional techniques require temperatures of 450°C).

• Publication date : 2020/07/06
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Making ammonia systems safer

Andy Pearson’s keynote presentation at the 2013 IIR Ammonia Refrigeration Technology conference concludes that safety hazards related to ammonia could be mitigated through the correct design of systems, based on real health and safety issues.

• Publication date : 2013/10/01

New energy-efficient way to make ammonia

The traditional way of manufacturing ammonia leaves a huge carbon footprint. An Australian team of researchers have found a cheaper and greener way to make ammonia from air, water, and renewable electricity....

• Publication date : 2021/02/08
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

UK: low-charge ammonia frozen food storage

The refrigerant charge on previous ammonia plant which was an estimated 5,000 kg has been reduced to just 188 kg

• Publication date : 2015/06/30

Irregularities found in Chinese factories using ammonia

Thirteen factories have been penalized for failing liquid ammonia safety checks following the leak at Weng’s cold storage plant that killed 15 people last August.

• Publication date : 2013/12/18

Latest research on ammonia-based absorption refrigeration systems

A recent article has reviewed literature on absorption chillers that use ammonia as a refrigerant, along with water (H2O), lithium nitrate (LiNO3), and lithium nitrate + water...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Technology

New publications: Ammonia as a Refrigerant

The new version of the IIR's guide Ammonia as a Refrigerant has just been published! It was prepared by Dr A.B. Pearson, member of IIR Commission E1. The overarching aim is to enhance decision-makers', designers', fitters' and end-users' knowledge...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront

In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/04/21

Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies conference papers now available to download

Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies conference papers now available to download

• Publication date : 2019/06/20

IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility

After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27

Early bird registration ends August 15 – 9th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies

Register today to the upcoming IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies to take place online on September 16-17, 2021.

• Publication date : 2021/08/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Environment, Technology

Call for abstracts ends September 30: IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies

The Conference concentrates on the benefits as well as the need to move towards natural refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2022/09/14
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Learn about the contribution of ammonia pioneers at the IOR historical talk on November 3

Travel back in time and find out more about the early pioneers of ammonia refrigeration at the Institute of Refrigeration's (IOR) historical TechTalk to be held online on November 3.

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Technology

The programme of the IIR conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies is now available

The conference is a leading event in the refrigeration industry and brings together academic and industry experts to discuss the latest advances in refrigeration technology. 

• Publication date : 2023/04/19

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration

Star Refrigeration soon to hit US food firms with eco-friendly low-ammonia chillers and freezers

• Publication date : 2013/09/04

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration

The UK company Star Refrigeration has announced the launch of a new subsidiary, Azane Inc., to manufacture and supply their “low-charge ammonia” Azane technology in the US.

• Publication date : 2014/05/25

IIR member news: AFF

The French Association of Refrigeration (AFF) recently published an online study evaluating current availability of training for CO2, ammonia and hydrocarbon refrigerants, as well as needs assessment.

• Publication date : 2014/11/24
• Subjects: Environment

The Mostra Convegno exhibition

In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

Another successful IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference 2016

Dedicated to natural refrigerants, mainly ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, Gustav Lorentzen 2016 was a great success attracting over 270 people and more than 145 papers from leading international researchers and industrialists.

• Publication date : 2016/09/14

Past events: The IIR around the world

Focus on ammonia, cryogenics and heat pumps! Take a look back at the most recent events in which the IIR has participated. 

• Publication date : 2023/05/27

IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2018 attracts its largest number of participants yet

With a focus on natural refrigerants, principally ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, the 13th conference in the series attracted the largest number of participants yet, welcoming an impressive 300 individuals from 45 different countries and...

• Publication date : 2018/07/03

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG