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Research of CO2 high temperature heat pump for industrial steam generation with data center heat source.

Author(s) : CHEN J., GUO C., FENG C., QU X., TAN S., JIANG Y.

Type of article: IJR article

Summary

The solution of integrating large-scale high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) with data center not only reduces carbon emissions but also enhances energy efficiency, aligning with dual-carbon goals. However, pressure ratios and environmentally friendly refrigerants limit the conventional HTHPs. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved transcritical CO2 HTHP steam system (CO2-NC) with dual-pressure gas coolers and expander. Detailed thermodynamic analysis, exergy analysis, and economic analysis are conducted to evaluate the cycle performance. Compared to the conventional CO2 cycle, the COP of CO2-NC is improved by 32.7 %, and the pressure ratio is reduced by 13.22 %, with a 110 ◦C saturated steam supply. With the superior thermal matching performance of dual-pressure gas coolers, the irreversible loss of gas coolers in CO2-NC is diminished by 75.89 %.
The total pressure ratio of CO2-NC is less than 1/4 of that in the conventional cycles with HFC/HFO refrigerants,providing an advantage in large-scale HTHPs with centrifugal compressors. Exergy analysis highlights that the expander in the CO2-NC decreases irreversible losses in the expansion process by 81.27 %. CO2-NC with the least variation in COP and pressure ratio shows excellent adaptability to data center heat sources, and CO2-NC exhibits the least variation with changes in saturated steam temperature. Furthermore, the optimum compressor discharge pressure for CO2 HTHPs is analyzed. Economic analysis highlights the advantages of CO2-NC in operation and refrigerant costs with the constraints of high initial capital costs. This study emphasizes the potential of combining transcritical CO2 HTHP to fulfill data center cooling and industrial heating needs

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Pages: 185-200

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Details

  • Original title: Research of CO2 high temperature heat pump for industrial steam generation with data center heat source.
  • Record ID : 30033832
  • Languages: English
  • Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 173
  • Publication date: 2025/05
  • DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.014

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