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Advances in CFD modelling for data centre optimisation.

• Author(s) : SILKE N., STANNUS W.
• Publication date: 2017/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Modelling, Optimization, Cooling, Design, CFD, Data centre, Software
• Source: EcoLibrium - vol. 16 - n. 9
• Formats : PDF

Using data centres for combined heating and cooling: an investigation for London.

• Author(s) : DAVIES G. F., MAIDMENT G. G., TOZER R. M.
• Publication date: 2016/02/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Cooling, Heat recovery, Performance, Expérimentation, Heating, Cogeneration
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 94

The green building movement in India. IGBC rating of green data centres.

• Author(s) : ANAND M., JAIN P. C.
• Publication date: 2016/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Energy consumption, Data centre, Power, Developing country, Energy efficiency
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal - vol. 19 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Hybrid model based refrigerant charge fault estimation for the data centre air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : ZHU X., DU Z., CHEN Z., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Prediction, Performance, Modelling, Default, Air conditioning, Refrigerant charge
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 106
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An integrated chiller using magnetic-bearing compressor with thermosyphon for year-round cooling of internet data centres: feasibility analysis.

• Author(s) : ZHANG P., SHI W., WANG B., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, China, Chiller, Bearing, Magnetism, Energy saving, Heat exchanger, Compressor
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A novel indirect evaporative chiller system to realize anti-freezing of cooling tower used in data centre systems.

• Author(s) : XIE X., CAI H., JIANG Y.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Data centre, China, Cooling tower, Chiller, Antifreeze, Performance, Indirect system, Evaporative system, Case study
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recovery of waste heat from data centres for decarbonisation of university campuses in a Mediterranean climate.

• Author(s) : MONTAGUD MONTALVÁ C., NAVARRO-PERIS E., GÓMEZ-NAVARRO T., MASIP-SANCHIS X., PRADES-GIL C.
• Publication date: 2023/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Waste heat, Heat recovery, Heat pump, Carbon footprint, Energy efficiency, Simulation, Energy saving, Temperate climate, Data centre, CO2 emission, Case study, Spain
• Source: Energy Conversion and Management - vol. 290
• Formats : PDF

Cooling performance of a pump-driven two-phase cooling system for free cooling in data centers.

• Author(s) : MA Y., MA G., ZHANG S., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/02/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Cooling, Pump, Performance, Expérimentation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 95

Simulace chladicího systému datacentra v havarijním stavu.

Simulation of a data center cooling system in emergency situation.

• Author(s) : ZAVREL V., BARTÁK M., HENSEN J. L. M.
• Publication date: 2015/09
• Languages : Czech
• Keywords : Heat capacity, Data centre, Temperature, Cooling, Simulation
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 24 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Numerical investigation and parametric study for thermal and energy management enhancements in data centers' buildings.

• Author(s) : NADA S. A., SAID M. A., RADY M. A.
• Publication date: 2016/04/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal analysis, Energy, Data centre, CFD, Management
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 98

Two-phase mini-thermosyphon electronics cooling: Dynamic modeling, experimental validation and application to 2U servers.

• Author(s) : LAMAISON N., ONG C. L., MARCINICHEN J. B., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Microchannel, Thermosyphon, Modelling, Flow boiling
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 110

Design method of using external melt ice coil as emergency cold source in data center.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : XING P.
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Ice, Data centre, Melting, Thermal energy storage
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 302
• Formats : PDF

On cold-aisle containment of a container datacenter.

• Author(s) : WANG C. H., TSUI Y. Y., WANG C. C.
• Publication date: 2017/02/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Computer, Efficiency, Chiller, Power, Container
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 112

IIR document

CO2 as a refrigerant for cooling of data-center: a case study.

• Author(s) : SOLEMDAL Y., EIKEVIK T. M., TOLSTOREBROV I., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Cooling, R744, Simulation, Performance, COP, CO2
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Study on outdoor air cooling system with combined air-side and water-side economizer for data centers. 1. Efficiency comparison of each system.

[In Japanese. / En japonais.]

• Author(s) : SHIMMURA K., YAMASHITA T.
• Publication date: 2014/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Outdoor air, Data centre, Comparison, Efficiency, Cooling, Water
• Source: Transactions of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan - n. 210

New data-centre figures

According to a study by DatacenterDynamics, global data centre power use in 2011 was 31 GW, roughly 2% of global power use. These figures were projected to increase by 19% in 2012.

• Publication date : 2013/03/04
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Data centre cooling

Data processing environments were estimated in 2006 to consume about 1.5% of the total electricity in the US. Data centre power consumption has roughly doubled in the last 5 years and is expected to double again in the next 5 years to more than...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Recent trends in data centre cooling

Currently, keeping computer systems cool accounts for 70% of a data centre’s non-IT energy consumption. With the data centre industry growing by 12% annually, saving energy required for cooling is becoming a crucial issue and new options are being...

• Publication date : 2012/12/17

Data centre near London upgrades with Turbomiser chillers

The site’s power usage ratio has dropped by 24%

• Publication date : 2012/09/05

Energy efficiency of the cooling systems used in data centres is a key issue

The number of data centres has grown to around 45 million worldwide, global energy consumption of data centres has doubled over the last 5 years and currently reaches 123 TWh/year, i.e. 1% of global electricity consumption.

• Publication date : 2012/03/15

Nautilus Data Technologies company is building the world’s first floating data center.

Nautilus Data Technologies company is building the world’s first floating data center. This waterborne data center prototype offers hosting, colocation and cloud services for primary computing needs, business continuity and disaster recovery...

• Publication date : 2016/05/18

Norwegian lobster farm uses waste heat from datacentre

An innovative lobster farm will use waste heat from a Norwegian datacentre for water temperature regulation.

• Publication date : 2021/08/30
• Subjects: Technology

Data centre uses river water for cooling

The American company Nautilus commissioned its first data centre naturally cooled by water from a river in April. 

• Publication date : 2021/05/31

Energy saving initiatives for cooling in data centres

In January 2021, Europe’s leading cloud and data centre operators signed the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, a self-regulatory initiative to become climate neutral by 2030. According to recent studies, free...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Techniques of humidification in data centres

An interesting overview of the recent improvement in data centres humidification techniques.

• Publication date : 2017/05/02
• Subjects: Regulation

UK: Artificial intelligence and data centre cooling

Data centre traffic being on the rise, many companies are looking at how they can use artificial intelligence to make their data centres more efficient.

• Publication date : 2018/05/16

Innovative solutions to reduce cooling needs for data centres

As the world’s demand for data continues to expand, the creation of new data centres poses the issue of cooling. Innovative solutions using renewable energy sources and heat recovery are presented...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Technology

For IIR members only

Data centres: the challenges of energy-efficient chip cooling

Innovative liquid cooling solutions are under development to further reduce energy consumption in the ever-growing number of data centres. 

• Publication date : 2024/01/26
• Subjects: Technology

Data centre in Finland recovers waste heat

The companies Ericcson and Fortum signed an agreement to recover a data centre waste heat for district heating.

• Publication date : 2017/10/12

The expansion of the data centre cooling market

As the data centre cooling market experiences rapid expansion, innovations in liquid cooling could have a significant impact on the industry.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

Ever-expanding market research resources at your fingertips

The IIR enhances its market research resources

• Publication date : 2015/05/27

Corporate members: news

- During the IIAR's 2008 Ammonia Refrigeration and Conference, the first fundraising event, a golf tournament, was held in order to launch Ammonia Refrigeration Foundation actions. The recently formed foundation will promote charitable,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

June 2004: fruitful meetings of the IIR’s statutory committees

Here are some highlights of the annual meetings of the IIR's statutory bodies (Management Committee, Science and Technology Council [STC] and Executive Committee): Strategic Plan of the IIR Four years after having adopted its Strategic...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

New IIR Informatory Note on non-uniform environment

A non-uniform indoor environment can reconcile the demand for a healthy and comfortable environment and the objective of low carbon emissions. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

Since 2007, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has conducted strategic discussions on its missions and services. This process began internally then took on board the outcomes of two surveys conducted at the beginning of this year...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Call for industrial partners for joint industry cryogenics project linked to LNG production

Become a project partner: Join the Joint Industry Project of MINES ParisTech – ARMINES “Evaluation of the crystallization risk in LNG production”.

• Publication date : 2017/03/16

Yokohama e yokoso !

From 16 to 22 August 2015, the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), recognised internationally as a milestone refrigeration event, will bring together key refrigeration stakeholders from across the globe at the Pacifico Yokohama...

• Publication date : 2015/08/18

New IIR Working Groups focus on core matters in refrigeration

IIR Working Groups (WGs) operate on a temporary basis and bring together specialists to work on projects concerning current technological, social or economic issues linked to refrigeration. Their aim is to promote development, provide knowledge...

• Publication date : 2018/10/02

Commission C2: paving the way on food science & engineering

Coordinated by the Science and Technology Council, Commission C2 focuses on research and breakthrough technologies related to food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2015/04/01

The IIR at the refrigeration forefront of EU projects

Generally involved in the dissemination process, the IIR makes use of its network, activities and services to promote worldwide the research outcomes of the EU projects.

• Publication date : 2015/03/03

ICR2015: A stimulating environment for dynamic exchanges

With a focus on improving standards and the quality of life of many worldwide, as well as emphasising the importance of preserving the earth through the advancement of refrigeration applications and technology, ICR2015 is expected to attract a...

• Publication date : 2015/04/08

See what's in our events calendar for 2016!

ICR2015 may be over, but the IIR’s conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting-edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues; from cold chain sustainability to new refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/09/02

Workshop on Supermarkets during the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain

The workshop had the aim of presenting recent findings by the UK EUED joint project on supermarkets, the SuperSmart project and the HPT Annex44 project.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

The essential role of refrigeration in the combat against COVID-19

Statement of the International Institute of Refrigeration calling governments to consider refrigeration-related services as “essential services” in the context of the current health crisis due to COVID-19.

• Publication date : 2020/04/14
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Regulation, Technology, Developing country, Environment, General information

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers