Share

IIR document

Study on the flame inhibition characteristics and mechanism of R1233zd(E).

Author(s) : ZHAI R., LI Z., ZHUANG Y., YE B., ZHAO H., TANG L., WANG K.

Type of article: IJR article

Summary

R1233zd(E), as a typical HFO refrigerant, has low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and excellent environmental performance. More importantly, R1233zd(E) is non-flammable, which makes it suitable for blending with f lammable refrigerants to achieve a comprehensive balance between environmental friendliness, safety, and energy efficiency. This study utilized a constant volume combustion platform to explore the effects of R1233zd (E) on the flammability limits and laminar burning velocities of three typical low-GWP flammable refrigerants (R600a, R152a and R32). The experimental results indicated that R1233zd(E) exhibited inhibitory effect on the f lame propagations, with the most pronounced suppression observed for R32. Flammability limit tests revealed that the critical suppression ratios (CSRs) of R1233zd(E)/R600a and R1233zd(E)/R152a were 12.54 and 5.53, respectively. The laminar burning velocities achieved good inhibitory effect as the volumetric ratios of R1233zd (E)/flammable refrigerants were 0.3. It could be concluded that R1233zd(E) had the most significant effect in inhibiting the combustion of R32. Furthermore, the flame retarding mechanism of R1233zd(E) was analyzed by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method at 6-311++G(d,p) level. It revealed that the flame retardancy of R1233zd(E) stemmed from its thermal decomposition, flame retarding reactions by halogenated groups (Cl and CF 3 ), and consumption reactions of OH and H active radicals. All these resulted in the reduction of active centers in chain reactions and the suppression of combustion system.

Available documents

Format PDF

Pages: 14 p.

Available

  • Public price

    20 €

  • Member price*

    Free

* Best rate depending on membership category (see the detailed benefits of individual and corporate memberships).

Details

  • Original title: Study on the flame inhibition characteristics and mechanism of R1233zd(E).
  • Record ID : 30034502
  • Languages: English
  • Subject: Technology
  • Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 181
  • Publication date: 2026/01
  • DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.11.008

Links


See other articles in this issue (33)
See the source

Indexing