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The cooling of large superconducting magnets for CERN experiments.

Author(s) : PERINIC G., BAYNHAM E., BREDY P., et al.

Summary

At CERN, four new particle detectors are being constructed within the framework of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project. Two of them, ATLAS and CMS, utilize large scale superconducting magnets to provide magnetic fields of up to 4 T for the measurement of the particle momentum. In ATLAS a complex magnetic field is generated by 24 superconducting toroidal field coils and a superconducting solenoid in a volume of 26 m length and 22 m diameter. In CMS a magnetic field parallel to the beam axis is generated in a volume of 21 m length and 16 m diameter by a large superconducting solenoid. Both, the ATLAS and the CMS magnet systems are new milestones in the application of large superconducting magnets at CERN. The cooling systems for both, the ATLAS and CMS magnets, have been conceived and built in collaboration with external institutes. For the CMS solenoid the thermosiphon cooling principle has been adopted, whilst the ATLAS solenoid is cooled by forced flow driven by the refrigerator. The 24 ATLAS toroidal field coils are cooled by forced two-phase flow provided by liquid helium pumps. The cooling power for the ATLAS and CMS magnets which are operated at 4.5 K is provided by dedicated cryogenic helium refrigeration systems. They are designed to operate automatically in steady-state as well as during the cool-down from room temperature, the quench recovery and in the case of emergency cooling. The applied cooling principles are presented including an overview of the special cryogenic features and the various operation modes.

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Pages: ICR07-A1-194

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Details

  • Original title: The cooling of large superconducting magnets for CERN experiments.
  • Record ID : 2007-2443
  • Languages: English
  • Source: ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
  • Publication date: 2007/08/21

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