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The possible reductions in energy and water consumption and CO2 emissions when using CO2 refrigeration for building cooling and heating.

Author(s) : VISSER K.

Type of article: Article, Review

Summary

A transcritical CO2 fluid is created at the critical point at a pressure of 73.83 bara and a temperature of 304.3 K. The pressure is so high that the fluid turns directly from a liquid into vapour without passing through a latent heat phase. Thus a major benefit of transcritical CO2 refrigeration is the gliding temperature available when cooling the transcritical fluid from the final high temperature at completion of compression to as low a temperature as practicable. This property may be exploited to advantage when requiring simultaneous cooling and heating in building air conditioning applications. The CO2 compressor discharge can usually heat enough water for heating, reheating and sanitary hot water purposes thereby obviating the need for a boiler and its fuel supply. Using USA Department of Energy and Australian Greenhouse Office data for energy consumption in multi-category commercial buildings in the USA and Australia respectively, it is shown that CO2 cooling reduces energy consumption, combined water consumption at the power stations and cooled office building, and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions by at least 60, 60 and 50% respectively in the existing Sydney building stock when coupled with a 25% reduction in airflow and a heating requirement of 30 kW/hr.m2 per annum in Sydney office buildings. Incorporation of energy recovery from exhaust air and economizing cycles will produce additional reductions in all three areas. The absence of cooling towers entirely eliminates the danger of Legionella disease. Furthermore, with CO2 as the refrigerant there is no danger of HFC fugitive gases.

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Format PDF

Pages: pp. 42-54 (9 p.)

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Details

  • Original title: The possible reductions in energy and water consumption and CO2 emissions when using CO2 refrigeration for building cooling and heating.
  • Record ID : 2010-1239
  • Languages: English
  • Subject: Regulation
  • Source: EcoLibrium - vol. 9 - n. 3
  • Publication date: 2010/04

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