Search results

A review of the mathematical models for the flow and heat transfer of microencapsulated phase change slurry (MEPCS).

• Author(s) : LI H., YU G., XU H., HAN X., LIU H.
• Publication date: 2023/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, Change of phase, Simulation, Model, Thermal energy storage, Review, Thermodynamic property, Modelling
• Source: Energies - vol. 16 - 6
• Formats : PDF

A review of recent investigations on flow and heat transfer enhancement in cooling channels embedded with triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). 

• Author(s) : YERANEE K., RAO Y.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Review, Heat transfer, Porosity, additive manufacturaring, Heat exchanger, Mass transfer, Thermodynamic property
• Source: Energies - 15 - 23
• Formats : PDF

Review of building energy consumption calculation.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIU D., LIU J., YANG L.
• Publication date: 2013/01
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Calculation, Building, Review, Air conditioning
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 43 - n. 273
• Formats : PDF

Review of ice slurry storage in the ice storage tank.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHAO M., YU H.
• Publication date: 2013/02
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Ice slurry, Tank, Review, Storage, Model, Expérimentation
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 34 - n. 149
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Review of refrigerants evolution.

• Author(s) : DOMANSKI P.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R744, Ammonia, Review, Flammability, Hydrocarbon, History, HFO, HFC, COP, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Outdoor comfort in public spaces, a critical review.

• Author(s) : LI M., YIN H., QU M., TRIVERS I.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal comfort, Outdoor environment, Review, Parameter
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 7^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Numerical modeling of standing wave thermoacoustic devices – A review.

• Author(s) : NAWAZ BHATTI U., BASHMAL S., KHAN S., BEN-MANSOUR R.
• Publication date: 2023/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermoacoustics, Wave, CFD, Modelling, Review
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 146
• Formats : PDF

A review of thermoelectric cooling: materials, modeling and applications.

• Author(s) : ZHAO D., TAN G.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermoelectricity, Cooling, Review, Model, Material
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 66 - n. 1-2

Multi-temperature heat pumps - a literature review.

• Author(s) : ARPAGAUS C., BLESS F., SCHIFFMANN J., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Design, Review, Heat pump, Performance, Multistage system, Cycle
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Large eddy simulation of film cooling: a review.

• Author(s) : AHN J.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Gas turbine, Film, Cooling, Simulation, Geometry, Review
• Source: Energies - 15 - 23
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Review of recent developments in advanced ejector technology.

• Author(s) : ELBEL S., LAWRENCE N.
• Publication date: 2016/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, Technology, Review, Ejector, Expansion
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 62
• Formats : PDF

Review of alternative cooling technologies.

• Author(s) : BROWN J. S., DOMANSKI P. A.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetic refrigerator, Thermoelectricity, Thermoacoustics, Cooling, Absorption, Review, Desiccant, Transcritical cycle, CO2
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 64 - n. 1-2

A review of small heat pipes for electronics.

• Author(s) : CHEN X., YE H., FAN X., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/03/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pipe, Electronics, Manufacture, Cooling, Review, Material
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 96

Review on flow condensation heat transfer of alternative refrigerants inside horizontal tubes.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHANG X. D., GONG M. Q., WU J. F.
• Publication date: 2013/10
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Horizontal tube, Heat transfer, Review, HFC, Flow, Condensation
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 34 - n. 153
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Review of solar thermal air conditioning technologies.

• Author(s) : ALILI A. A., HWANG Y., RADERMACHER R.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Adsorption, Absorption, Review, Solar energy, Air conditioning
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 39
• Formats : PDF

AC Market Review: China

Following a recent analysis entitled the "White Paper" released by the State Information centre of China (SIC) during a recent conference in Beijing, figures show a sharp drop in the domestic sales growth rate (-7.98%) and a less pronounced...

• Publication date : 2006/01/24

Review of CFC and HFC-free refrigerators worldwide

At the beginning of December 2004, Brazil's first CFC and HFC-free refrigerator rolled off the BSH Bosh und Siemens Hausegerate GmbH production line. Following implementation for several years in Europe , then in Australia , China , India and...

• Publication date : 2005/02/10

EU F-Gas Regulation review: widespread bans requested by the rapporteur

The European Parliament’s rapporteur on the review of the current F-Gas Regulation proposed by the European Commission has submitted a report calling for widespread bans on the use of HFCs and a stricter phase-down target.

• Publication date : 2013/06/18

A review of cryoablation for cancer treatment

According to a review article, “cryoablation is a well-established therapeutic regime for the treatment of numerous cancers.” Often thought of as a simple ablative process, it is now seen as “a sophisticated, combinatorial therapy involving a...

• Publication date : 2014/09/07

IJR highlights: review of low-GWP alternative refrigerants

In a recent review article based on over 60 published studies and published in the International Journal of Refrigeration, Chinese researchers have compared nearly 40 alternative low-GWP refrigerants in terms of...

• Publication date : 2021/06/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

A review of current status of free cooling in data centres

A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering reviews current status of the free cooling technologies in data centres

• Publication date : 2017/09/19

Global LNG market: review of 2021 and forecasts for 2022

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global LNG market grew by 6% in 2021 in comparison with 2020. However, it is projected to slow down in early...

• Publication date : 2022/03/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Must read in IJR: a comprehensive review on fault detection in HVAC systems

The latest research and developments in the fault detection and diagnostics of HVAC systems are presented in several articles recently published in the IJR.

• Publication date : 2023/02/13
• Subjects: Technology

AHRI asks US Court of Appeals to review DOE's commercial refrigeration rule

The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) claims that the Department of Energy’s (DOE) new energy conservation standards for commercial refrigeration equipment may be impossible to meet.

• Publication date : 2014/07/23
• Subjects: Regulation

EU F-Gas review: feedbacks on the preliminary findings of the evaluation study

The preliminary evaluation report submitted in May at the request of the European Commission by Öko-Recherche and Ricardo raised some questions. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/28
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Europe: the proposal to review the F-Gas Regulation has been published, and the proposal to ban PFAS has been delayed.

At the beginning of April, the European Commission published  a proposal to update the F-Gas Regulation . In addition, the proposed PFAS ban has been delayed for six months. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

LNG Overview

LNG tankers China will produce 5 more LNG tankers. The first Chinese-built LNG tanker was built last year and the second one was launched in Shanghai in June 2006: it cost 160 million USD and can carry 147 000 m3 of LNG at -163°C during...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

European minisplits: market overview

A recent analysis of the European minisplit market carried out by BSRIA forecasts steady growth overall in the next few years. Thanks to data collected from nine of the largest producers in Europe, and further interviews among other market to...

• Publication date : 2005/11/23

Global 2010 compressor market overview

World rotary compressor production in 2010 increased substantially over 2009 to reach 112.5 million units. 80% of rotary compressors are produced in China. The leading manufacturers are Meizhi and Shanghai Hitachi. Rotary compressors have...

• Publication date : 2011/05/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Interviewing the first refrigeration expert nominated Best Craftsman in France. (in french)

Jacques Feret, prizewinner in 2011 as a refrigeration expert, shows that excellence in the refrigeration industries can also be acknowledged and rewarded beyond the branch itself. (in french)

• Publication date : 2016/05/24

Review of F-gas regulation - IIR contribution

The IIR has responded to the European Commission consultation “Fluorinated greenhouse gases – review of EU rules (2015-20)” which aims to collect opinions and suggestions about the update of the F-gas Regulation...

• Publication date : 2020/09/06
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment, HFCs alternatives

ELICiT presents results at 18-month technical review

The ELICiT project 18-month technical review by appointed EU Commission reviewer of consortium held in Cambridge on 13 November 2015

• Publication date : 2015/12/23

A sneak preview of ICR2015 Highlights

The 25th International Congress of Refrigeration ended on Saturday, August 22nd proving to be more successful than ever with 1186 conference delegates from 55 countries, 11 tracks and 900 sessions.

• Publication date : 2015/08/26

Interview: Director General of the IIR gives an overview of the trends of the refrigeration sector

In the 2018-2019 international special issue of the Industria & Formazione magazine, Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration, Didier Coulomb, gives an overview of the impact of the refrigeration sector on climate...

• Publication date : 2019/02/19

Conference overview: Sustainable Management of Refrigeration Technologies in Marine and Off-Shore Fisheries Sectors

In partnership with the UNEP, ASHRAE and UNIDO, the IIR organised a conference in Bangkok (Thailand) in April 2017 on the Sustainable Management of Refrigeration Technologies in the Marine Sector and Offshore Fisheries.

• Publication date : 2017/05/31

IIR Conference overview: 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants - TPTPR2017

With over 150 participants from 12 countries, the 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants featured 85 technical presentations, including six plenary keynote lectures.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration

About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.

• Publication date : 2022/07/28
• Subjects: General information

New design for the IJR but still quality papers!

As well as original research papers the IJR also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of...

• Publication date : 2019/11/20

Discover the 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change”

The 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change” reviews existing data to estimate past greenhouse gas emissions generated by refrigeration systems and make projections for the future.

• Publication date : 2017/12/05

New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.

A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

The IJR is the most important scientific journal in the field of refrigeration technology. It is a co-publication of Elsevier and the IIR. Eight issues are published each year, with over 15 articles per issue. Certain issues are totally or...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Job opportunities: Sainsbury’s is looking for young graduate engineers.

Sainsbury’s is looking for young graduate engineers: £27,000 (32,500 €) starting salary, six monthly reviews and performance relative bonus.

• Publication date : 2014/02/06

Job opportunities: Sainsbury’s is looking for young graduate engineers.

Sainsbury’s is looking for young graduate engineers: £27,000 (32,500 €) starting salary, six monthly reviews and performance relative bonus.

• Publication date : 2014/05/19

PCM 2018

Review of the 12th IIR International Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (PCM 2018).

• Publication date : 2018/06/22

June 2004: fruitful meetings of the IIR’s statutory committees

Here are some highlights of the annual meetings of the IIR's statutory bodies (Management Committee, Science and Technology Council [STC] and Executive Committee): Strategic Plan of the IIR Four years after having adopted its Strategic...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/06/09
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables