ShareUnchecked emissions of R23 challenge climate and sustainable refrigeration goals
Despite regulations under the Montreal Protocol, emissions of R23, a high-GWP HFC used in ultra-low temperature refrigeration, remain unexpectedly high, raising concerns for sustainable refrigeration practices.
R23, a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) with a global warming potential (GWP) of 14,700, poses significant challenges to climate goals despite its limited use in ultra-low temperature refrigeration. Recent findings highlight substantial emissions of this gas, which is primarily generated as a byproduct of HCFC22 production, a process controlled under the Montreal Protocol. [1]
According to a report from the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), emissions of R23 reached a peak of 17,300 tonnes in 2019, equivalent to over 250 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. Although the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol requires the capture and destruction of R23, cumulative emissions since its adoption in 2016 have exceeded expectations, totalling nearly 106,000 tonnes, or 1.56 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent.
R23 is used in niche applications such as ultra-low temperature refrigeration and as a chemical feedstock. Its high GWP and long atmospheric lifetime of 228 years make it a critical target for mitigation. While the fluorochemical industry can capture and destroy R23 at relatively low costs, weak monitoring and reporting mechanisms have allowed emissions to remain unchecked, particularly in regions with significant HCFC22 and fluoropolymer production.
The EIA emphasizes the need for robust international action to improve transparency, standardize emission reporting, and ensure compliance under the Montreal Protocol. A comprehensive response from all Parties will be essential to address ongoing emissions and support sustainable refrigeration practices.
The full report is available in the FRIDOC database.
Sources
[1] Technology and Economic Assessment Panel: https://ozone.unep.org/system/files/documents/TEAP%20MCTOC%20MOP%2036_HFC-23_final.pdf
Additonal sources
https://www.coolingpost.com/world-news/rogue-hfc23-emissions-threaten-climate-targets/
https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Unchecked-HFC23-report-FINAL.pdf