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IIR document

Solid-liquid equilibrium property measurements for R23 alternative candidates.

• Author(s) : TOMASSETTI S., MIYOSHI K., DI NICOLA G., KAWAMURA R., KONDOU C.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Equilibrium, Thermodynamic property, HFO, R1132a, R23, Binary mixture, Ternary mixture, Expérimentation, Low temperature
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study on the optimum ratio of R22/R23/R14 self-cascade refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : ZHENG D., LI M. L., FENG S., XIONG X., CHEN S.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mixture, Thermodynamic property, Cascade system, Optimization, Modelling, Expérimentation, R22, R23, R14
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF, Video

IIR document

Investigation on solid-liquid equilibrium for trifluoromethane (R23) plus difluoromethane (R32) binary system.

• Author(s) : WANG X., ZHAO Y., DONG X., YAO X., WANG J., GUO H., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low temperature, Expérimentation, Modelling, R23, R32, Binary mixture, Calorimeter, Thermodynamic property, Change of phase, Equilibrium
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 126
• Formats : PDF

Investigation on a hybrid auto-cascade jet refrigeration system using R23/R236fa.

• Author(s) : HAO X., WANG L., TAN Y.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R23, Low temperature, Heat recovery, R236fa, Simulation, Performance, Hybrid system, Cascade system, Ejector
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation of a new ultra-low temperature refrigerant to replace R-23 in an environmental test chamber.

• Author(s) : COP M., KUCUKKAYA D., BARTA R. B., THOMAS C.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low temperature, Cascade system, Retrofitting, Test room, R23, Expérimentation, R473A
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental investigation of a new ultra-low temperature refrigerant to replace R23 in an environmental test chamber.

• Author(s) : WINKLER T., COP M., BARTA R. B., HESSE U.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Retrofitting, R23, R473A, Cascade system, Test room, Low temperature, Expérimentation, Substitute
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Lower GWP options to replace R-23 for ultra-low temperature transport refrigeration.

• Author(s) : KUJAK S., SCHULTZ K.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low temperature, Low GWP, R23, Refrigerated transport, Cascade system, Thermodynamic property, R744, HFC, Simulation, Mixture, R1132a
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Evaluation of lower GWP alternative R-473A for R-23 in ultra-low temperature refrigeration applications.

• Author(s) : NAYAK G., PETERSEN M., KUJAK S., KOLDA M., KOHOUTEK T.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R23, Low temperature, Refrigerated container, Sea transport, R473A, Cascade system, Testing, COP, Thermodynamic cycle, Performance
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Unchecked. The fluorochemical industry's scandalous HFC-23 by-product emissions amid the climate crisis.

• Author(s) : EIA
• Publication date: 2024/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HFC, R23, CO2 emission
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Theoretical performance of cryogenic temperature applications using R23 alternative low GWP refrigerant, R1132a (1,1difluoroethene).

• Author(s) : KAYUKAWA Y., FUJITA Y., KANO Y.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on the concentration distribution behaviors of mixture in an ejector enhanced auto-cascade refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : BAI T., YAN G., YU J.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R23, R134a, Ejector system, Cascade system, Mixture
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

Study on application of tube-in-tube condenser for auto-cascade refrigeration.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : RUI S., ZHANG H., WANG H., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : R600a, R23, Low temperature, Tube, Design, Cascade system, Mixture, Condenser
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 156
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation of a novel cascade refrigeration system with a CO₂ sublimation cycle as the lower stage.

• Author(s) : XU Y., MICKOLEIT E., THOMAS C., JAGER A., BREITKOPF C., HESSE U.
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cascade system, Sublimation, Low temperature, CO2, R23, Expérimentation, R744, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 131
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation of the solid-liquid phase equilibria for cryogenic argon-fluorocarbon mixed refrigerant.

• Author(s) : BAE J., LEE C., JEONG S.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R23, R218, R14, Freezing temperature, Argon, Performance, Mixture, Expérimentation, Cryocooler, Cryogenics
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Isothermal measurement and modeling of VLE properties for 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene + trifluoromethane + tetrafluoromethane ternary system at temperatures from 253.15 K to 273.15 K.

• Author(s) : QIN Y., LIU B., ZHANG H.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Zeotropic mixture, Expérimentation, Cascade system, R1234yf, Thermodynamic property, Modelling, R23, R14
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 117
• Formats : PDF

For IIR members only

Unchecked emissions of R23 challenge climate and sustainable refrigeration goals

Despite regulations under the Montreal Protocol, emissions of R23, a high-GWP HFC used in ultra-low temperature refrigeration, remain unexpectedly high, raising concerns for sustainable refrigeration...

• Publication date : 2024/12/04
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a

A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

Nearly 500,000 German cars use 1234yf

Despite some German opposition to the new car air conditioning refrigerant R1234yf, around 500,000 cars have already been registered in the country with this gas.

• Publication date : 2015/09/18

HFO-1234yf news

HFO-1234yf, developed by DuPont and Honeywell as a substitute for HFC-134a in mobile air-conditioning applications in response to EU 2006/40 Directive which bans the use of refrigerants with a GWP higher than 150 in new types of vehicles by...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

HFO-1234ze news

On January 30, 2011, HFO-1234ze, was accepted for use in foam and aerosol applications by the US EPA. HFO-1234ze (GWP = 6) is already used in Europe and Japan in a variety of foam and aerosol applications.Klima-Therm and...

• Publication date : 2011/06/08

US refrigerated warehouse capacity in 2023

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has released its biennial report on the country's refrigerated warehouse capacity for the year 2023.

• Publication date : 2024/02/16
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Launch of the first R1234ze free-cooling chillers

The “first to market” TurboChill free cooling chillers using low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant R1234ze are going to be launched.

• Publication date : 2013/12/18

EPA permits R1234yf to be sold to US consumers

As a result of a lawsuit brought by the AAIA and the ARPI, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule that will permit R1234yf to be sold to US consumers.

• Publication date : 2013/12/29
• Subjects: Regulation

China heat pump market in 2023

Although the country still relies heavily on coal for heating, China is currently the only major market where heat pumps sales grew in 2023, when global sales declined by 3%...

• Publication date : 2024/04/26
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Refrigerant news: HFO-1234yf

The US EPA has proposed to list HFO-1234yf as an acceptable alternative refrigerant in mobile air-conditioning (MAC) systems. The proposed decision only applies to new MAC systems in passenger cars and trucks since EPA had previously determined...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

HFO1234ze prototypes finally released

The prototype is said to be suitable for outdoor air-cooled chiller applications

• Publication date : 2012/03/21

Foam blowing agents: use of R1233zd(E) is expanding

Honeywell announced that TCL, one of China’s largest appliance manufacturers, selected HFO1233zd(E) as foam blowing agent in its domestic refrigerators.

• Publication date : 2017/12/18

European Commission questions Honeywell/DuPont R1234yf collaboration

On October 21, 2014, the European Commission has sent a Statement of Objections to Honeywell and DuPont regarding cooperation on new refrigerant used in car air-conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2014/11/24

Daimler agrees to use R1234yf to comply with EU regulations

Daimler agrees to use R1234yf but will phase in CO2 from next year.

• Publication date : 2015/12/06

MAC: CO2 or HFO-1234yf?

The SAE Alternate Refrigerant Symposium held in Phoenix, USA, on June 10-12, 2008, provided an opportunity for the various stakeholders of the global automotive industry to present their views regarding the next-generation refrigerant in mobile...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

LNG2023: Registration is open!

Explore the programme overview and secure your spot at LNG2023. Early Bird registration ends April 7, 2023!

• Publication date : 2023/02/17
• Subjects: Technology

In 2023, join the IIR!

The International Congress of Refrigeration will take place in August in Paris. Remember to take your 2023 membership as soon as possible to benefit from significant discounts when...

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

Discover our Activity Rapport 2023

The 2023 IIR Activity Report is available online. It is a must-read for everything you need to know about advances in the field of refrigeration!

• Publication date : 2024/05/23
• Subjects: General information

Best wishes for 2023

Happy New Year!     “2023 will be a year promoting sustainable refrigeration at an international level, in particular with the United Nations Environment Programme. It will also be...

• Publication date : 2023/01/11

ASHRAE 2023 “Women in RACHP” workshop

At the ASHRAE 2023 winter conference and exhibition in Atlanta, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) Working Group organised a workshop on “Women in RACHP”. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/21

Newsletter INDEE+ | September 2023

The latest news on the INDEE+ project.

• Publication date : 2023/09/22

Become a partner of the IIR Congress 2023

Sponsorship opportunities are now available! Don’t miss your chance to support the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration 2023.

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

Past events: the IIR Worldwide - Mars 2023

The Director General of the IIR was at the 2nd International Symposium on "Refrigeration, Energy and the Environment” in Tunisia and the beginning of 2023 was marked by the active participation of the...

• Publication date : 2023/03/27

Canada to Host LNG2023 in Vancouver

Vancouver will be the venue for the 20th International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2023) following the selection of the Canadian Gas...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

IIR Congress 2023: The programme is now available!

The exciting 5-day programme of the upcoming IIR Congress 2023 includes 600 scientific papers, 1 plenary address, 14 keynote speakers, 21 workshops and 3 technical tours. 

• Publication date : 2023/06/29
• Subjects: General information

ENOUGH at the 37th EFFoST International Conference 2023

Several partners from the ENOUGH project were present at the 37th EFFoST International Conference 2023 in Valencia this week.

• Publication date : 2023/11/13

World Refrigeration Day 2023: Distribute the dedicated flyers!

Titled “Next Generation Cooling”, the World Refrigeration Day 2023 campaign focused on the future of cooling technology, the industry, the people working within it, and those that benefit from...

• Publication date : 2023/07/07
• Subjects: Technology, Environment, General information

IIR website: most downloaded publications in 2023

Discover the three most popular IIR publications of 2023. The focus is on the carbon footprint of the cold chain and cold rooms! 

• Publication date : 2024/02/27

Now available : 2023 IIR Congress proceedings

Download your copy of the ICR 2023 proceedings. IIR members can download them at reduced rate.

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

LNG2023: Call for abstracts extended to October 24!

A two-week extension has now been confirmed to ensure LNG2023 does not miss hearing from some key industry voices. Don’t miss the new call for abstracts deadline of October 24, 2022!

• Publication date : 2022/10/11
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams