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IIR document

Experimental study on the optimum ratio of R22/R23/R14 self-cascade refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : ZHENG D., LI M. L., FENG S., XIONG X., CHEN S.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mixture, Thermodynamic property, Cascade system, Optimization, Modelling, Expérimentation, R22, R23, R14
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF, Video

IIR document

Investigation on solid-liquid equilibrium for trifluoromethane (R23) plus difluoromethane (R32) binary system.

• Author(s) : WANG X., ZHAO Y., DONG X., YAO X., WANG J., GUO H., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low temperature, Expérimentation, Modelling, R23, R32, Binary mixture, Calorimeter, Thermodynamic property, Change of phase, Equilibrium
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 126
• Formats : PDF

Investigation on a hybrid auto-cascade jet refrigeration system using R23/R236fa.

• Author(s) : HAO X., WANG L., TAN Y.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R23, Low temperature, Heat recovery, R236fa, Simulation, Performance, Hybrid system, Cascade system, Ejector
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Solubility of R22, R23, R32, R134a, R152a, R125 and R744 refrigerants in water by using equations of state.

• Author(s) : KARAMODDIN M., VARAMINIAN F.
• Publication date: 2013/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solubility, R23, R134a, R744, R32, R22, R152a, R125, Prediction, Equation of state
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 36 - n. 6
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Lower GWP options to replace R-23 for ultra-low temperature transport refrigeration.

• Author(s) : KUJAK S., SCHULTZ K.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low temperature, Low GWP, R23, Refrigerated transport, Cascade system, Thermodynamic property, R744, HFC, Simulation, Mixture, R1132a
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Theoretical performance of cryogenic temperature applications using R23 alternative low GWP refrigerant, R1132a (1,1difluoroethene).

• Author(s) : KAYUKAWA Y., FUJITA Y., KANO Y.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on the concentration distribution behaviors of mixture in an ejector enhanced auto-cascade refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : BAI T., YAN G., YU J.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R23, R134a, Ejector system, Cascade system, Mixture
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

Study on application of tube-in-tube condenser for auto-cascade refrigeration.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : RUI S., ZHANG H., WANG H., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : R600a, R23, Low temperature, Tube, Design, Cascade system, Mixture, Condenser
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 156
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation of a novel cascade refrigeration system with a CO₂ sublimation cycle as the lower stage.

• Author(s) : XU Y., MICKOLEIT E., THOMAS C., JAGER A., BREITKOPF C., HESSE U.
• Publication date: 2021/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cascade system, Sublimation, Low temperature, CO2, R23, Expérimentation, R744, Secondary refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 131
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation of the solid-liquid phase equilibria for cryogenic argon-fluorocarbon mixed refrigerant.

• Author(s) : BAE J., LEE C., JEONG S.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R23, R218, R14, Freezing temperature, Argon, Performance, Mixture, Expérimentation, Cryocooler, Cryogenics
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Isothermal measurement and modeling of VLE properties for 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene + trifluoromethane + tetrafluoromethane ternary system at temperatures from 253.15 K to 273.15 K.

• Author(s) : QIN Y., LIU B., ZHANG H.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Zeotropic mixture, Expérimentation, Cascade system, R1234yf, Thermodynamic property, Modelling, R23, R14
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 117
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Ultralow-temperature refrigeration systems: Configurations and refrigerants to reduce the environmental impact

• Author(s) : MOTA BABILONI A., JOYBARI M. M., MATEU-ROYO C., AMAT-ALBUIXECH M., MOLÉS F.
• Publication date: 2020/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerant, Low GWP, Low temperature, R23, R508b, Substitute, Heat pump, Review
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 111
• Formats : PDF

Investigations on the performance of an auto-cascade absorption refrigeration system operating with mixed refrigerants.

• Author(s) : LE S., WANG Q., LI D., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R23, R134a, Amide, Absorption system, Simulation, Performance, Cascade system, Mixture, Refrigerant
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Development of ULT binary refrigeration system with low GWP refrigerant.

• Author(s) : KENJI O.
• Publication date: 2017/04/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R23, Japan, Comparison, Low GWP, Sea transport, R404A, R22, Fishing, Refrigerant
• Source: Sustainable management of refrigeration technologies in marine and off-shore fisheries sectors.
• Formats : PDF

Design of a cascade refrigeration system for applications below -50°C using CO2-sublimation.

• Author(s) : XU Y., LANGEBACH R., HESSE U.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R23, Comparison, Calculation, Design, R744, Thermodynamic property, Sublimation, Cascade system, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a

A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

Nearly 500,000 German cars use 1234yf

Despite some German opposition to the new car air conditioning refrigerant R1234yf, around 500,000 cars have already been registered in the country with this gas.

• Publication date : 2015/09/18

HFO-1234yf news

HFO-1234yf, developed by DuPont and Honeywell as a substitute for HFC-134a in mobile air-conditioning applications in response to EU 2006/40 Directive which bans the use of refrigerants with a GWP higher than 150 in new types of vehicles by...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

HFO-1234ze news

On January 30, 2011, HFO-1234ze, was accepted for use in foam and aerosol applications by the US EPA. HFO-1234ze (GWP = 6) is already used in Europe and Japan in a variety of foam and aerosol applications.Klima-Therm and...

• Publication date : 2011/06/08

Refrigerant news: HFO-1234yf

The US EPA has proposed to list HFO-1234yf as an acceptable alternative refrigerant in mobile air-conditioning (MAC) systems. The proposed decision only applies to new MAC systems in passenger cars and trucks since EPA had previously determined...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

HFO1234ze prototypes finally released

The prototype is said to be suitable for outdoor air-cooled chiller applications

• Publication date : 2012/03/21

Launch of the first R1234ze free-cooling chillers

The “first to market” TurboChill free cooling chillers using low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant R1234ze are going to be launched.

• Publication date : 2013/12/18

EPA permits R1234yf to be sold to US consumers

As a result of a lawsuit brought by the AAIA and the ARPI, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule that will permit R1234yf to be sold to US consumers.

• Publication date : 2013/12/29
• Subjects: Regulation

MAC: CO2 or HFO-1234yf?

The SAE Alternate Refrigerant Symposium held in Phoenix, USA, on June 10-12, 2008, provided an opportunity for the various stakeholders of the global automotive industry to present their views regarding the next-generation refrigerant in mobile...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Foam blowing agents: use of R1233zd(E) is expanding

Honeywell announced that TCL, one of China’s largest appliance manufacturers, selected HFO1233zd(E) as foam blowing agent in its domestic refrigerators.

• Publication date : 2017/12/18

European Commission questions Honeywell/DuPont R1234yf collaboration

On October 21, 2014, the European Commission has sent a Statement of Objections to Honeywell and DuPont regarding cooperation on new refrigerant used in car air-conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2014/11/24

R1234yf tested for bus air conditioning

Tests co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and run bus AC system company Hispacold suggest that HFO-1234yf is a near drop-in replacement refrigerant for HFC-134a in the tested Hispacold’s 12S roof top bus air-conditioning...

• Publication date : 2011/12/30

European Commission investigates over R1234yf patents

On December 16, 2011, the European Commission (EC) has "opened antitrust proceedings concerning agreements between Honeywell and DuPont" for the development of R1234yf for air-conditioning systems in cars. "

• Publication date : 2012/02/27

First car models using HFO-1234yf

During the recent Mobile Air Conditioning Society Worldwide convention and trade show in Las Vegas, USA, discussions focused on the vehicles will have the new HFO-1234yf refrigerant. It was revealed that one vehicle was already being sold with the...

• Publication date : 2012/07/03

Briefs: HFO1234yf: results of SAE investigations

The Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) International Cooperative Research Program (CRP) presented its findings on the new alternative refrigerant for mobile air-conditioning systems HFO-1234yf. SAE is a global association of 115 000 engineers...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

LNG2023: Registration is open!

Explore the programme overview and secure your spot at LNG2023. Early Bird registration ends April 7, 2023!

• Publication date : 2023/02/17
• Subjects: Technology

In 2023, join the IIR!

The International Congress of Refrigeration will take place in August in Paris. Remember to take your 2023 membership as soon as possible to benefit from significant discounts when...

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

Best wishes for 2023

Happy New Year!     “2023 will be a year promoting sustainable refrigeration at an international level, in particular with the United Nations Environment Programme. It will also be...

• Publication date : 2023/01/11

ASHRAE 2023 “Women in RACHP” workshop

At the ASHRAE 2023 winter conference and exhibition in Atlanta, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) Working Group organised a workshop on “Women in RACHP”. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/21

Become a partner of the IIR Congress 2023

Sponsorship opportunities are now available! Don’t miss your chance to support the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration 2023.

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

Canada to Host LNG2023 in Vancouver

Vancouver will be the venue for the 20th International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2023) following the selection of the Canadian Gas...

• Publication date : 2022/05/25
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

LNG2023: Call for abstracts extended to October 24!

A two-week extension has now been confirmed to ensure LNG2023 does not miss hearing from some key industry voices. Don’t miss the new call for abstracts deadline of October 24, 2022!

• Publication date : 2022/10/11
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

HFO 2023: Call for abstracts extended until September 30!

The call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs, to be hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), has been extended to September 30, 2022!  

• Publication date : 2022/09/08
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Environment, Technology

Propose a workshop and be part of ICR 2023

Do you have an idea for a workshop you would like to organise during the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration 2023? Share it with the international refrigeration community.

• Publication date : 2023/01/23
• Subjects: General information

IIR Women in Refrigeration Award at ICR 2023

During the 26th International Congress of Refrigeration in Paris in August 2023, a brand new award will be presented: the IIR Women in Refrigeration Award. It will reward exceptional scientific work...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

International LNG Conference and Exhibition rescheduled to 2023

The 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas, St Petersburg, has been rescheduled to 3 – 7 July 2023 and will be rebranded as LNG2023.

• Publication date : 2021/01/12
• Subjects: General information

Cryogenics 2023: only a few days left to submit your abstract!

The IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference will be held in Dresden, Germany from 24 to 28 April. The call for abstracts is open until September 30!

• Publication date : 2022/09/08

The IIR launches the best student paper competition at ICR 2023

Open to students up to Master’s level (plus one year) from engineering schools, universities or any other comparable higher education institution, the submitted work may focus on any technical area covered by...

• Publication date : 2022/04/28
• Subjects: General information

Cryogenics 2023 : Call for abstracts extended to October 30!

There's still time to submit an abstract to the IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference to be held in Dresden (Germany) on April 24 to 28, 2023.

• Publication date : 2022/10/11
• Subjects: Technology

IIR member news: Johnson Controls YORK chiller optimised for R1233zd(E)

The YORK YZ magnetic bearing centrifugal chiller, produced by Johnson Controls, is said to be the first chiller fully optimized for ultimate performance with the low-global warming potential refrigerant R1233zd(E).

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2022/10/12
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers