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IIR document

Data driven assessment of a small scale evaporative condenser based on a combined artificial neural network with design of experiment approach.

• Author(s) : REICHERT H., DONNI R., SCHNEIDER P., ACUNHA I. C. Jr
• Publication date: 2020/07
• Languages :
• Keywords : Evaporative condenser, Testing, Artificial neural network, Performance, Design, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 115
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.

• Author(s) : SACASAS D., VEGA J., CUEVAS C., BORRAJO R.
• Publication date: 2023/09
• Languages :
• Keywords : Supermarket, R744, R404A, Booster, Compressor, Condenser, Gas cooler, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 153
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental and theoretical study on direct contact condensation affected by noncondensable gas.

• Author(s) : FENG S. Y., DANG C. B., OKAMOTO H., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, Performance, Modelling, Non condensable gas, Expérimentation, Condenser, Condensation
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Enhanced condensation heat transfer at a wide range of supersaturation level.

• Author(s) : SEO D., NAM Y.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Saturation, Heat transfer, Expérimentation, Condenser, Condensation
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

Direct Contact Condensers: a comprehensive review of experimental and numerical investigations on direct-contact condensation.

• Author(s) : MADEJSKI P., KUŚ T., MICHALAK P., KARCH M., SUBRAMANIAN N.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat exchanger, CFD, Modelling, Expérimentation, Test rig, Condensation, Condenser, Review
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - 24
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Enhanced condensation via surface modification: flow visualization.

• Author(s) : NACCARATO B., KIM J. K., ZHANG B. J.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Condensate, Heat transfer, Plate, Expérimentation, Condensation, Heat exchanger
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A critical review of analytical and numerical models of condensation in microchannels.

• Author(s) : KENIAR K., EL FIL B., GARIMELLA S.
• Publication date: 2020/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Microchannel, Condensation, Flow, CFD, Review, Condenser, Modelling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 120
• Formats : PDF

Current Research Trends in the Process of Condensation of Cooling Zeotropic Mixtures in Compact Condensers.

• Author(s) : KRUZEL M., BOHDAL T., DUTKOWSKI K., KUCZYNSKI W., CHLISZCZ K.
• Publication date: 2022/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Zeotropic mixture, Condensation, Condenser, Glide, Thermodynamic property, Review
• Source: Energies - 15 - 6
• Formats : PDF

Prediction of heat transfer during condensation in inclined plain tubes.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2016/02/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Correlation, Tube, Heat transfer, Prediction, Condensation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 94

Thermo-hydraulic model for steam condensation in a large, inclined, flattened-tube air-cooled condenser.

• Author(s) : DAVIES W. A., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal analysis, Heat transfer coefficient, Geometry, Tube, Air-cooled exchanger, Modelling, Condenser, Condensation
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Condensation of superheated R134a inside a vertical tube.

• Author(s) : SIERES J., MARTíNEZ-SUÁREZ J. A., MARTIN E.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Vertical tube, Heat transfer, Superheat, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, Condensation
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Flow regime map for condensation from superheated vapor.

• Author(s) : XIAO J., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Horizontal tube, Vapour, Superheat, Modelling, HFO, HFC, Condensation
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Failure analysis of condensing units for refrigerators with refrigerant R134a, R404A.

• Author(s) : BOGDANOVSKA G., MOLNAR V., FEDORKO G.
• Publication date: 2019/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Fan, Condensing unit, R404A, Valve (compressor), Reliability, Expérimentation, Condenser, Compressor
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 100
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Improved correlation for heat transfer during condensation in conventional and mini/micro channels.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Correlation, Microchannel, Heat transfer, Condensation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Empirical study of heterogeneous refrigerant condensation in pipe minichannels.

• Author(s) : BOHDAL T., CHARUN H., SIKORA M.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R410A, R407C, R134a, Pipe, Heat transfer, R404A, Refrigerant, Condenser, Condensation, Pressure drop
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 59
• Formats : PDF

How to reuse the condensate water from air conditioners?

Review of the different uses of the condensate water rejected by air conditioners.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: Developing country

Food safety: the problems caused by condensation

Some advice to prevent or remove condensation, often involved in food contamination.

• Publication date : 2017/04/28

ASHRAE Technology Awards: winning project features green design

The ASHRAE Technology Awards recognize outstanding achievements by members who have successfully applied innovative building design in the areas of occupant comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy conservation. The designs incorporate ASHRAE...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Saving water thanks to air conditioning

Two Houston Universities are tapping into the city’s air-conditioning (AC) systems to conserve water in the midst of a historic drought.

• Publication date : 2011/12/13

CAL - NASA’s Space Cryocooler

NASA’s new facility, Cold Atom Lab (CAL), expected to reach effective temperatures down to 100 pico-Kelvin (pK), will be used for the study of ultra-cold quantum gases in the microgravity environment on the International Space Station (ISS). (en...

• Publication date : 2014/07/03

Kenyan fish processing facility upgrades from R22 to ammonia

East Africa Sea Foods (EASF), a fish processing facility in Kenya, recently replaced its aging R22 refrigeration system with a two-stage ammonia system.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Developing country

German researchers approach absolute zero

Physicists at the University of Bremen, Germany have produced the lowest temperature ever recorded, at 38 picoKelvin, which is 38 trillionths of a degree above absolute zero.

• Publication date : 2021/11/15
• Subjects: Technology

New evaporative cooling system for more energy efficient data centres

A dew point cooling system, which is an indirect evaporative cooling system that approaches the dew point, has reduced the electricity consumption of a UK data centre by 80%. 

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

IIR Rankine Conference 2020: Which alternative working fluids for ORC systems?

HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) and hydrocarbons were the main alternatives to HFC245fa presented during the IIR Rankine Conference 2020.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

How to evaluate the refrigerating capacity of compressors?

Most compressor manufacturers express the capacity of their compressors using the "nominal capacity" of the motor, expressed in HP (1 Horse Power = 0.735 kW) which does not give precise information on the refrigerating capacity of the compressor....

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Marine refrigeration

The use of natural refrigerants is gradually spreading. Here are two examples of their use in the marine sector: - Environmentally-friendly fish transport American Freedom is one of the world's largest refrigerated ships and can hold up to...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

An ejector refrigeration system optimised for sub-zero temperatures on fishing vessels

Large amounts of diesel fuel are used to power fishing vessels engines and on-board refrigeration systems. In a recent theoretical study, an energy-efficient sub-zero refrigeration system proposed based on a...

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Technology

Cryogenic carbon capture technologies

Cryogenic carbon capture is in the early stages of development, however, several projects have achieved a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6, for applications such as blue...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Institute of Refrigeration UK (IOR) publications

On sale: proceedings of papers presented to the IOR, including discussions. The latest CD-ROM includes 2003 and 2004 presentations on: risk assessment model for hydrocarbon refrigerants; temperature prediction software for refrigerated container...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

CO2 applications: First commercial CO2 system in Latin America

Last April Verdemar supermarket chain inaugurated its fifth store in the suburb of Jardim Canada, Nova Lima -Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is the first Latin American supermarket that uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. Its Skyrack Breeze, developed...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Special issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) on boiling and condensation of refrigerants

A landmark special issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) on boiling and condensation of refrigerants has just been published.

• Publication date : 2013/03/29

INDEE+ Project: Norwegian R744 condensing units arrived in India for educational purposes

Three R744 condensing units were sent to India by Prof. Armin Hafner (NTNU, Norway)  to educate Indian institutions, end-users and vendors on clean cooling technologies, with the aim of helping India meet...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

News from IIR members: Tecumseh

Tecumseh has won the French Golden Decibel Award for its second-generation Silensys condensation units. The Conseil National du Bruit (the French national organization dealing with noise issues) presented this award in recognition of the noise...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

New publications: The CD-ROM proceedings of the Vicenza IIR Conferences

The CD-ROM proceedings of the Vicenza IIR Conferences on 1) Commercial Refrigeration and 2) Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants are on sale. They comprise 134 papers. Main topics: 1) display cabinets, energy simulation...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants: a very successful event

The 4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants (TPTPR) was held at TU Delft, the Netherlands, on June 16-19, 2013. 4 keynote lectures and 66 papers were presented during this highy successful...

• Publication date : 2013/08/12

Focus: The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

In 1978 the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) launched a new international scientific journal, the IJR. The first volume of the IJR consisted of 4 issues comprising 29 scientific articles in all. Today, we publish 8 issues with an...

• Publication date : 2012/12/14

Cryogenics and Low-Temperature Physics: New Horizons and Challenges

This Focus written by Ralf Herzog*, President of the IIR’s Cryophysics, Cryoengineering commission (Commission A1) for the Newsletter of the IIR is the third in a series of presentations of the activities and hot research topics handled by the...

• Publication date : 2012/09/21

Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2

Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

New IIR Informatory Note: Advancements in Supermarket Refrigeration

Download your copy of the latest IIR Informatory Note on “Advancements in Supermarket Refrigeration”

• Publication date : 2018/04/04

Obituary: Einar Brendeng

The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to Professor Einar Brendeng’s family, the Norwegian refrigeration industry and society.

• Publication date : 2024/03/28

Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress

An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics