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Ammonia and CO2 combined package systems for commercial and industrial applications.

Author(s) : ANDRUSENKO A., BELLSTEDT M., ARKAL A.

Summary

Carbon dioxide and ammonia are widely known as long-term natural refrigerants. They both have excellent thermodynamic properties in comparison to both synthetic refrigerants and hydrocarbons. At the same time their specific physical properties impose several requirements on the design of the refrigerating systems using these refrigerants. The combination of relatively low critical temperature and high critical pressure of carbon dioxide requires the implementation of specific design solutions provided that the system can reliably operate at subcritical and transcritical modes and withstand high pressure. The high toxicity and moderate flammability of ammonia requires additional investment to ensure the proper design of the machinery room and refrigerated areas according to the requirements of relevant safety codes. Today standardized pre-engineered industrial and commercial refrigeration packages are available on the market, such as ammonia chillers, cascade CO2 compressor packages, CO2 vessel units and the like. Combining ammonia chillers with secondary systems and cascade CO2 compressor packages for direct low temperature cooling reduces the disadvantages of these "green refrigerants", providing reduced ammonia charge and hence reduced risk of leakage, reduced engineering costs, reduced site installation costs and duration, and simplifies maintenance. The authors conducted a case-study analysis of the installation and operating costs of a combined ammonia/secondary/carbon dioxide system for an industrial cold storage application in comparison to a conventional direct ammonia solution, considering the safety requirements of Standards AS/NZS 1677 and EN378 and energy efficiency of the systems. The results demonstrate the technical, commercial and risk-management benefits of these systems.

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Pages: 2010-2

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Details

  • Original title: Ammonia and CO2 combined package systems for commercial and industrial applications.
  • Record ID : 2010-1360
  • Languages: English
  • Source: 9th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2010). Proceedings. Sydney, Australia, April 12-14, 2010.
  • Publication date: 2010/04/12

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