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Atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of CF3CF=CH2 (HFO-1234yf), E-CF3CH=CHF (1234ze(E)), CF3CF=CF2, (FO-1216), Z-CF3CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(Z)), and E-CF3-CH=CHCI (HCFO-1233zd(E)).
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The effect of freezing on the quality of berry fruits.
Accelerated equipment reliability evaluation of R-13I1 (CF3I) in R-466A.
Crushed ice including nanoencapsulated clove essential oil improves animal welfare in farmed European sea bass during stunning and slaughtering.
Chemical stability investigations of low gwp refrigerants r-1234ze(e), r-450a, r-515b, r-1234yf, r-513a and r-516a with lubricants.
The effects of the novel home freezing system on microstructure, color, antioxidant activity, and microbiological properties of strawberries.
Chemical stability investigations of low GWP refrigerants R-454B, R-454C, R-455A, R-468A, and R-466A with lubricant.
Chemical stability investigations of ultra-low GWP refrigerants R-1336mzz(Z), R-1336mzz(E), R-514A, R-1233zd(E), and R-1224yd(Z) with lubricants.
Influence of thermal properties of brown seaweeds (Saccharina Latissima) on atmospheric freeze-drying process in fluidized bed.
A numerical accelerated life methodology for understanding refrigerant chemical stability in HVACR systems.
Quality of condensate from air-handling units.
A novel analytical accelerated life model to understand refrigerant chemical stability.
Analysis of the P-T and T-S phase boundary in discriminating suitable low global warming potential and low flammability refrigerants.
Flow characteristics of silica hard-shell microcapsule slurries treated with additives.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
6 results
Reducing food waste: can we keep open canned sardines in the refrigerator?
Researchers from the University of Porto studied the shelf life at 4°C of open canned sardines, depending on the type of seasoning (sardines in brine, vegetable oil, tomato...
How to reuse the condensate water from air conditioners?
Review of the different uses of the condensate water rejected by air conditioners.
Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems
Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...
IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference: perspectives of cryogenic technologies for 2030
Overview of future technological advances in cryogenics: liquid hydrogen electric aircrafts, cryofuels, hydrogen chemical energy conversion, fuel cells for energy storage, cryogenic rocket engine, quantum and...
A strong global compressor market
The almost 12% growth in the refrigeration compressor market over the 2020-2023 period reflects the vitality of the refrigeration sector. Centrifugal compressors and semi-hermetic reciprocating compressors...
Reducing the economic costs of a direct-use geothermal heating system
Italian researchers have modelled a polymer heat exchanger to reduce the cost of a direct-use geothermal heating system for a single building in the active volcano district of the...
IIR news
1 result
New IIR Working Groups focus on core matters in refrigeration
IIR Working Groups (WGs) operate on a temporary basis and bring together specialists to work on projects concerning current technological, social or economic issues linked to refrigeration. Their aim is to promote development, provide knowledge...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
5 results
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
