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IIR document

Experimental investigation and new correlation for the bubble departure diameter of methane and ethane binary mixtures during nucleate pool boiling.

• Author(s) : LI Z., XUE H., SHEN J., ZHAO Y., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages :
• Keywords : Methane, Ethane, Bubble, Pool boiling, Correlation, Model, Joule-Thomson, Modelling, LNG, Liquefaction
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

Experimental research on CO2 pool boiling heat transfer outside horizontal tube.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIU S., LI L., NING J., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Horizontal tube, Heat transfer, Optimization, Expérimentation
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 36 - n. 162
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental research on CO2 pool boiling heat transfer.

• Author(s) : LIU S. C., LI L., ZHU C., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Correlation, Heat transfer, R744, Expérimentation, Heating, CO2
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

IR thermographic investigation of nucleate pool boiling at high heat flux.

• Author(s) : PETKOVSEK J., HENG Y., ZUPANCIC M., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal conductivity, Pool boiling, Temperature, Heat flux, Expérimentation, Nucleate boiling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 61
• Formats : PDF

Pool boiling heat transfer enhancement with copper nanowire arrays.

• Author(s) : SHI B., WANG Y. B., CHEN K.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Copper, Heat transfer, Performance, Heat flux, Expérimentation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 75

IIR document

An experimental investigation on the entire pool boiling curve of R14 under 0.1 MPa pressure.

• Author(s) : ZHAO C., GONG M. Q., DING L., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R14, Pool boiling, Pressure, Heat flux, Expérimentation, Flow, Nucleate boiling
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 41
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Transient pool boiling heat transfer of cryogenic liquid on insulated steel.

• Author(s) : NGUYEN L-D., KIM M., HAN Y., DO K. H.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, Pool boiling, Liquid nitrogen, Steel, Insulation, Cryogenics, Expérimentation
• Source: Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference on Cryogenics, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

On the effect of lubricant on pool boiling heat transfer performance.

• Author(s) : HUNG J-T., CHEN Y. K., CHEN T. Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, Pool boiling, Lubricant, Heat transfer, Surface tension, Performance, Refrigerant
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Effect of bubble coalescence on the wall heat transfer during subcooled pool boiling.

• Author(s) : COULIBALY A., BI J., LIN X., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Bubble, Heat transfer, Subcooling, Wall, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of thermal Sciences - vol. 76

IIR document

Heat transfer enhancement of ammonia pool boiling with an integral-fin tube.

• Author(s) : FERNÁNDEZ-SEARA J., PARDIÑAS A. A., DIZ R.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Finned tube, Enhancement, Heat transfer, Ammonia, Testing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 69
• Formats : PDF

A review of pool-boiling processes based on bubble-dynamics parameters.

• Author(s) : XIAO L., ZHUANG Y., WU X., YANG J., LU Y., LIU Y., HAN X.
• Publication date: 2023/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Electronics, Immersion, Cooling, Review, Heat transfer, Pool boiling, Bubble, Modelling, Thermodynamic property, Nucleate boiling, Nucleation
• Source: Applied Sciences - vol. 13 - 21
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Assessment of pool boiling correlations using experimental data with refrigerant FK-649.

• Author(s) : T'JOLLYN I., NONNEMAN J., BEYNE W., PAEPE M. de
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Industrial application, Nucleate boiling, Pool boiling, Low GWP, Heat transfer, Correlation, Performance, Refrigerant, Measurement, Comparison
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Pool boiling heat transfer enhancement by porous interconnected microchannel nets at different liquid subcooling.

• Author(s) : ZHANG S., TANG Y., ZENG J., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Enhancement, Bubble, Microchannel, Heat transfer, Expérimentation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 93

IIR document

Experimental investigation on pool boiling of R600a/mineral oil solution.

• Author(s) : CHEN G. M., ZHELEZNY V. P., SHESTOPALOV K. O., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R600a, Pool boiling, Isobutane, Heat transfer coefficient, Impurity, Mineral oil, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, Compressor
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental comparison of pool boiling performance between Cu-plain surface and functionalized graphene layers.

• Author(s) : MUDHAFAR M. A. H., JHANG B. W., SIN Y. Y.
• Publication date: 2022/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Expérimentation, Heat transfer coefficient, Graphene, Copper, HFE
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 139
• Formats : PDF

Micro-refrigeration

Future computer chips will probablly generate 10 times more heat than today's microprocessors and will require new types of cooling systems. Currently, computers are usually cooled thanks to fans and small finned devices called heat sinks, but the...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Brief: R-723

The new natural refrigerant blend R-723 presents the same advantages as ammonia (i.e. high specific evaporation heat and insignifigant GWP) and offers further benefits: it can be used in copper systems and offers full mineral oil solubility. R-723...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Briefs: solar air-conditioning prototype

As part of the European programme Solera, CEA LITEN researchers recently set up a 4.5-kW solar air-conditioning prototype in the facilities of the INES (French National Institute of Solar Energy) in Chambéry in the French Alps, where the system...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Chillers: efficiency takes off

Chillers are key refrigerating systems since, according to the Department of Energy, in the US, they account for about 13% of the power consumed by the nation's buildings and 9% of the overall demand for electric power. Examples below illustrate...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

H-fluid as an alternative to HFC-134a?

The new European Directive 2006/40 on emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles - which bans F-gases with a GWP higher than 150 (such as HFC-134a) as of 2011 for new models of cars - and Californian legislation which is putting...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

Innovative system to cool spacecraft on long missions

An innovative cooling system developed by a team of mechanical engineers has proven successful in testing aboard the International Space Station.

• Publication date : 2018/05/17

DuPont’s new HFO 1336mzz could replace R123

DuPont has announced it is to start small scale production of a new low GWP HFO which could replace R123.

• Publication date : 2014/05/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

IIR Rankine Conference 2020: Which alternative working fluids for ORC systems?

HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins), HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) and hydrocarbons were the main alternatives to HFC245fa presented during the IIR Rankine Conference 2020.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems

Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

Data centers: immersion cooling project

The world’s most powerful two-phase immersion cooling (2PIC) project, which will be deployed in a 40+ MW data center being constructed by BitFury Group, is currently underway in the Republic of Georgia.

• Publication date : 2016/05/12

Overview of data center cooling technologies

The very huge growth in Internet traffic requires the continued development of new energy-efficient data center cooling technologies, based primarily on liquid...

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

ICR2011 highlights: cooling particle detectors

Cooling systems for particle detectors attracted interest at the IIR’s Congress in Prague in August 2011. These highly specific applications have very strict requirements compared with standard cooling systems: refrigerants should be resistant to...

• Publication date : 2012/02/21

Cryogenics 2021 highlights: applications of liquid nitrogen

Cryopreservation of biological materials to favour biodiversity and cooling of superconducting cables to allow transmission of electrical energy with zero resistance are key applications of liquid...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

Towards a sustainable seafood cold chain

Several FAO (UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation) reports present the figures and challenges of the seafood cold chain.

• Publication date : 2023/02/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference: perspectives of cryogenic technologies for 2030

Overview of future technological advances in cryogenics: liquid hydrogen electric aircrafts, cryofuels, hydrogen chemical energy conversion, fuel cells for energy storage, cryogenic rocket engine, quantum and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/27

4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants: a very successful event

The 4th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Process of Refrigerants (TPTPR) was held at TU Delft, the Netherlands, on June 16-19, 2013. 4 keynote lectures and 66 papers were presented during this highy successful...

• Publication date : 2013/08/12

New publications: The CD-ROM proceedings of the Vicenza IIR Conferences

The CD-ROM proceedings of the Vicenza IIR Conferences on 1) Commercial Refrigeration and 2) Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants are on sale. They comprise 134 papers. Main topics: 1) display cabinets, energy simulation...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

Member news: Efficient Energy has been rewarded for its remarkable growth over the last 4 years

Energy Efficient, an IIR corporate member, ranked third in the latest Deloitte Technology Fast 50 in Germany. This ranking rewards companies based on the percentage increase in their revenue over the last four...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

CryoHub Webinar

CryoHub the EU funded project to demonstrate the potential for cryogenic energy storage at refrigerated warehouses will hold a webinar on 17th March 2021 to share findings and results of this work.

• Publication date : 2020/11/27

Focus: The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

In 1978 the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) launched a new international scientific journal, the IJR. The first volume of the IJR consisted of 4 issues comprising 29 scientific articles in all. Today, we publish 8 issues with an...

• Publication date : 2012/12/14

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG