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Avaliação experimental do desempenho de um sistema de refrigeração cascata R744/R134a.

Experimental evaluation of the performance of R744/R134a cascade refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : QUEIROZ M. V. A., PANATO V. H., ANTUNES A. H. P., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Keywords : R134a, R744, Cooling capacity, Supermarket, Performance, Cascade system, Expérimentation
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluación del intercambiador intermedio usando fluidos fluorados como sustitutos de R134a.

Assessment of an intermediate exchanger using fluorinated fluids as R134a substitutes.

• Author(s) : MOTA BABILONI A., BARRAGÁN-CERVERA A., NAVARRO-ESBRÍ J.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : R134a, R1234ze, Substitute, F-gas (fluorinated gas), Energy efficiency, Refrigerant, Exchanger
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Shadowgraph visualization of condensing R134a flow through ejectors.

• Author(s) : LITTLE A. B., GARIMELLA S.
• Publication date: 2016/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, R134a, CFD, Nozzle, Simulation, Ejector, Condensation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 68
• Formats : PDF

High pressure rotary compressor CFD analysis: performance comparison of two R-gases (R134[a] and R407C).

• Author(s) : ADHIKARY P., SAHA S., PRAKASH D., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/27
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R407C, R134a, Household application, CFD, Simulation, Pressure, Air conditioning, Rotary compressor
• Source: Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Intelligent HVAC&R Systems, Kolkata, July 27-28 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Research on flammability of R290/R134a, R600a/R134a and R600a/R290 refrigerant mixtures.

• Author(s) : CAI D., HAO Z., XU H., HE G.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mixture, Flammability, R600a, R134a, R290, HFC, Hydrocarbon, Isobutane, Propane, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

R134a flow boiling inside a 4.3 mm ID microfin tube.

• Author(s) : MANCIN S., ZILIO C., RIGHETTI G., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Finned tube, Measurement, Heat transfer, Heat exchanger, Flow boiling, Pressure drop
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study of an R1234ze(E)/R134a mixture (R450A) as R134a replacement.

• Author(s) : MOTA BABILONI A., NAVARRO-ESBRÍ J., BARRAGÁN-CERVERA A., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R134a, Drop-in, R1234ze, Mixture, GWP, Energy efficiency, Refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 51
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Evaluation of flammability characteristics of mixed refrigerants R134a/R1270, R134a/R170, and R170/R1270.

• Author(s) : ZHANG Z., HE G., NING Q., WANG Z., YANG W., HUA J., ZHOU S.
• Publication date: 2023/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Flammability, Expérimentation, R170, R1270, Inhibition, Thermodynamic property, Binary mixture
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - Vol. 156
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical investigation of R-134a ejector.

• Author(s) : BESAGNI G., MEREU R., INZOLI F.
• Publication date: 2016/06/22
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, CFD, Simulation, Ejector, Flow, Refrigerant
• Source: 1^st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016). Proceedings: Bucharest, Romania, June 22-25, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of saturation temperature on the condensation of R134a inside an inclined smooth tube.

• Author(s) : NOORI RAHIM ABADI S. M. A., MEHRABI M., MEYER J. P., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Heat transfer coefficient, Saturation, Tube, Temperature, Simulation, Condensation, Pressure drop
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 94
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical-based non-dimensional analysis of critical flow of R-12, R-22, and R-134a through horizontal capillary tubes.

• Author(s) : JAVIDMAND P., HOFFMANN K. A.
• Publication date: 2015/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, R134a, Horizontal tube, Capillary tube, R22, R12
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 58
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Gaseous speed of sound and virial coefficients for 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) binary mixture.

• Author(s) : PENG X., XU L., LI J., YANG Z., DUAN Y.
• Publication date: 2023/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Binary mixture, R134a, Sound velocity, Thermodynamic property, Expérimentation, Calculation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 154
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Heat transfer during reflux condensation of R134a inside a micro-fin tube with different tube inclinations.

• Author(s) : YILDIZ S., DUYMAZ G., ZIEGLER F., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Microfin tube, Inclined tube, Heat transfer, Expérimentation, Condensation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 74
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy evaluation of drop-in replacements for R134a in cascade CO2/R134a refrigeration units.

• Author(s) : MAKHNATCH P., MOTA BABILONI A., KHODABANDEH R.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Drop-in, R744, R513A, R450A, Supermarket, Cascade system, Flammability, Expérimentation, COP, CO2
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation of the characteristics of a jet-ejector and a jet-ejector cooling system operating with R134a as a refrigerant.

• Author(s) : ZEGENHAGEN M. T., ZIEGLER F.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Jet, Ejector system, Expérimentation, Ejector, Refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 56
• Formats : PDF

Alternative mixtures for R134a

A NIST study identifies 23 non-flammable or slightly flammable mixtures as R134a alternatives in air conditioning.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a seized in Hangzhou

US refrigerant manufacturer DuPont has announced the seizure of 300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a in Hangzhou province, China.

• Publication date : 2013/11/13

New R134a alternatives in mobile air conditioning

Two new refrigerant blends are considered as an R134a alternative and "virtually non-flammable".

• Publication date : 2014/12/18

Refrigerant blends may offer alternative to R134a

Research released by SAE provide further evidence that Mexichem Fluor's refrigerant blends AC5 and AC6 could offer EU regulation compliant alternatives to R134a in automotive air conditioning.

• Publication date : 2013/12/20
• Subjects: Regulation

Canada: Government intends to prohibit R134a in commercial refrigeration

A Notice of Intent was published by the Canadian Ministry of Environment indicating that the government is considering prohibition of the manufacture and import of high GWP refrigerants, including R134a, R507 series and R404A in certain commercial...

• Publication date : 2015/04/09
• Subjects: Regulation

Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a

A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2017/05/24

Transport: Hapag-Lloyd switches from R134a to R513A

The German shipping company Hapag-Lloyd has recently purchased 1,000 containers chilled with R513A.

• Publication date : 2018/02/20

R134a/CO2 cascade for a French ice rink

In the French Alps, the Alpe d’Huez ice rink has recently completely renovation, replacing the former HCFC-22 refrigeration system by an HFC-134a/CO2 cascade system.

• Publication date : 2015/11/04

R22 and R134a emissions double, even triple, in summer

In a recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, B. Xiang et al. present the results of in situ observations of R22 and R134a taken from research aircraft over the Pacific Ocean combined with long-term ground...

• Publication date : 2015/02/19

MAC: EU orders Germany to stop using R134a in new models of vehicles

The European Commission ordered Germany to stop using R134a or to face court action and possible fines.

• Publication date : 2014/10/30

Briefs: Middle East - DuPont expresses anger over counterfeit R22 and R134a refrigerants

DuPont has set up a task force to help local authorities deal with refrigerant counterfeits in the Middle East, it claims are potentially harmful. Pascal Faidy, business manager at DuPont Fluorochemical Refrigerants, claims they were dangerous for...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

France allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its MAC systems.

The French Supreme Court has upheld last August’s decision to overturn the MAC (Mobile air conditioning) directive and allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its car air conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2014/05/22

US: R134a, R410A and R407C could be banned in chillers from 2025

AHRI and NRDC issue joint letter supporting EPA SNAP proposal to prohibit R134a, R410A and R407C in new chillers from 2025.

• Publication date : 2016/04/06
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a

M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....

• Publication date : 2014/01/31

Recycling could significantly cut down emissions from HFC production

A team of researchers estimated that with 30% of recycled refrigerants in the annual output, CO2 emissions from the production of R134a could be reduced by about a...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: Environment

News from IIR members: DKV

 New DKV publications:• CD-ROM of Deutschen Kälte-Klima Tagung 2010 in Magdeburg, containing all papers and presentations. Languages: German and English• Special: CD-ROMs from DKV-Tagungen 2002 to 2010 as a...

• Publication date : 2011/05/25

Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning 

 Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.  

• Publication date : 2023/12/20

IIR member news: Embraco

Embraco, IIR Corporate Member, announced the launch of a new oil-less linear compressor design for domestic refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2014/04/27

News from IIR members: Star Refrigeration

Star Refrigeration has installed a highly efficient Azanechiller at a Scottish meat processing facility. The central pumped glycol system has a total cooling capacity of 365kW and includes pumps with variable speed drives, six ceiling...

• Publication date : 2011/08/04

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs