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CO2-heat pump water heater: characteristics, system design and experimental results.

Author(s) : NEKSA P., REKSTAD H., ZAKERI G. R., SCHIEFLOE P. A.

Type of article: Article, IJR article

Summary

CO2 is one of the few non-toxic and non-flammable working fluids that do not contribute to ozone depletion or global warming, if leaked to the atmosphere. Tap water heating is one promising application for a trans-critical CO2 process. The temperature glide at heat rejection contributes to a very good temperature adaptation when heating tap water, which inherits a large temperature glide. This, together with efficient compression and good heat transfer characteristics of CO2, makes it possible to design very efficient systems. A heating-COP of 4.3 is achieved for the prototype when heating tap water from 9 to 60 deg C, at an evaporation temperature of 0 deg C. The results lead to a seasonal performance factor of about 4 for an Oslo climate, using ambient air as heat source. Thus, the primary energy consumption can be reduced by more than 75% compared with electrical or gas fired systems. Another significant advantage of this system, compared with conventional heat pump water heaters, is that hot water with temperatures up to 90 deg C can be produced without operational difficulties.

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Pages: 172-179

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Details

  • Original title: CO2-heat pump water heater: characteristics, system design and experimental results.
  • Record ID : 1998-3864
  • Languages: English
  • Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 21 - n. 3
  • Publication date: 1998/05

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