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Maximización del COP de un sistema de compresión de vapor con CO2 al incluir subenfriamiento termoeléctrico optimizado.
Maximising the COP of a CO2 steam compression system through optimised thermoelectric subcooling.
Implementación y calibración de un modelo de estimación del COP para bombas de calor agua-agua basado en resultados experimentales.
Implementation and calibration of a COP estimation model for water-to-water heat pumps based on experimental results.
IIR document
COP tests of a rotation heat pump.
Heat pump COP, part 2: generalized COP estimation of heat pump processes.
Seasonal COP of a residential magnetocaloric heat pump based on MnFePSi.
Heat pump COP, part 1: generalized method for screening of system integration potentials.
Generalized COP estimation of heat pump processes for operation off the design point of equipment.
Experimental COP enhancement of a CO2 transcritical refrigerating plant including thermoelectric subcooling.
Experimental and numerical investigation of suction muffler outlet pipe geometry effect on volumetric efficiency and COP.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Influence of operating parameters on the COP of an R600 high-temperature heat pump.
Effect of pressure pulsation on COP in two-stage-compression vapor-injection cycle.
Improvement of capacity and COP through use of two-stage compressor in transcritical R744 systems.
Numerical study on the effect of intermediate pressure pulsation on COP in the vapor injection cycle.
Quantification and comparison of COP improvement approaches for large-scale ammonia heat pump systems.
Approaching optimum COP by refrigerant charge management in transcritical CO2 heat pump water heater.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1468 results
Focus on COP 26
The Conference of the Parties (COP) 26 was held in Glasgow (UK) from 31 October to 13 November 2021. Its results, while not seeming spectacular, nevertheless reflect important developments that should be noted,...
COP 27 at Sharm Al Sheikh
The IIR at the COP 27: side event was organised by the IIR with the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA). Didier Coulomb gave a statement at the high-level session.
The IIR will be present at COP-10
The Tenth Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP-10) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to be held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on December 6-17, 2004. For this event, the IIR prepared, thanks to networking with...
News from Copenhagen
The COP-15 Conference on Climate Change is finished. In spite of numerous lengthy discussions, no real progress has been made towards future agreements. Far more Heads of States were present and delivering statements than at past United Nations...
Cooling the ATST solar telescope
The Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST), currently under construction on the Pacific island of Maui, will be the world’s largest solar telescope, able to provide the sharpest views ever taken of the solar surface
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope
Cryogenic testing has now been completed for the final 6 primary mirror segments and a secondary mirror that will fly on NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope.
Cryogenic testing on the successor of Hubble Telescope
NASA engineers completed final cryogenic testing on James Webb Space Telescope a few months ago.
Visualization of artificial proteins with cryo-electron microscopy
A team of researchers managed to visualize the atomic structure of peptoids.
Cryo-electron microscopy wins the 2017 chemistry Nobel Prize
On October 2017, Jacques Dubochet (Switzerland), Joachim Frank (USA) and Richard Henderson (UK) were awarded the chemistry Nobel Prize for cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM).
Carbon dioxide snow to clean spatial telescope
An interesting method to keep the Webb Space Telescope mirror, seven times larger than Hubble, spotless.
Cryogenic applications: Cooling largest outer-space telescope
In his presentation on cryogenics applications at the IIR-AFF centenary conference in Paris (see Focus), Philippe Lebrun, President of the IIR's Section A, mentioned cryogenic detectors of cosmic signals and cited Herschel probe as an example. The...
First antimicrobial copper air-handling unit lauched in Europe
The first antimicrobial copper coil air-handling unit was produced last autumn in Europe
District cooling: Copenhagen, home of the largest absorption chiller cooling
A recent report by the City of Copenhagen, home of the largest absorption chiller cooling, network gives a glimpse of its district cooling system which uses seawater and surplus heat from the district heating network (through absorption cooling...
Road to COP28. Energy efficiency and recovery of refrigerants
“Sustainability must refer to energy efficiency and circularity”, says Dr Laura Fedele, IIR expert.
GL2012 highlights: low-charge propane air-conditioning system using small section copper tubes
Propane air conditioner with smaller copper tubes and a smaller (and thus safer) refrigerant charge.
IIR news
438 results
COP-19 Warsaw, Poland
Slow progress in the climate negotiations
Participation of the IIR at COP-10
On December 6-18, 2004, over 6100 participants from 169 countries attended the 10th Conference of the Parties (COP-10) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held at the Rural Exhibition Center in Buenos Aires ,...
The IIR at COP 26 in Glasgow
As an intergovernmental organisation (IGO), the IIR is systematically invited to the various Conferences of the Parties on climate change and has the opportunity to make a statement in plenary session in front...
The IIR at COP-11/MOP-1 in Montreal
The IIR, as an intergovernmental organization, participated in this "historic" event which gathered 10 000 people for the largest United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ever held. The conference held...
Ozone to Cool Zone: IIR Workshops at COP 28
Join the five IIR workshops at COP28 set to highlight innovative refrigeration solutions for a sustainable future.
Refrigeration and the IIR in the spotlight at COP 28
The Conference of the Parties on Climate Change took place in Dubai (United Arab Emirates) from 30 November to 13 December 2023. For the first time, refrigeration was given special attention. The IIR shared a...
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during COP 21
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 21st United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 21) in Paris (November...
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during COP 25
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 25th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 25), in Madrid (December 2-13, 2019).
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during COP 27
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 27th Conference of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 27) in Charm...
Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during COP 26
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 26th Conference of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26) in...
COP 28: the annual conference on climate change puts refrigeration in the spotlight!
Refrigeration will be one of the priorities at the next United Nations Conference of the Parties on climate change. It will be held in Dubai from 30 November to 12 December 2023.
Statement presented by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR during COP-28 Dubai (United Arab Emirates)
Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP-28) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (30 November - 12 December...
IJR editorial: The cop on climate change: a growing presence of refrigeration issues to be consolidated
The Conference of the Parties on climate change was held in Sharm-El-Sheikh (Egypt) from Sunday 6 November to Sunday 20 November 2022. Generally speaking, this COP did not result in the decisions and actions...
IIR’s contribution and key outcomes at COP29
The International Institute of Refrigeration actively participated in COP29/CMP19/CMA6 held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from 11 November to 22 November 2024, contributing to key discussions and fostering discussions...
MOP 27: Strong debate in the run-up to COP21
MOP 27 delegates continued firm discussions and addressed the outcomes of OEWG 36
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
17 results
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Events
8 results
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
Find out more
Other event
15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
September 13, 2027 - September 15, 2027
London, United Kingdom
On September 13-15, 2027, the 15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems of City University of London will provide a forum for debate on developments in air, gas and refrigeration...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Currently accepting full papers! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for...
Sponsored event
28th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue
July 12, 2026 - July 16, 2026
West Lafayette, IN, United States
A conference co-sponsored by the IIR Since 1972, Herrick Labs has hosted the premier international conferences on Compressor Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, and...
9th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
21st International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue
19th IIR Conference on Cryogenics
April 26, 2027 - April 30, 2027
Dresden, Germany
The 19th CRYOGENICS 2027 continues in the series of conferences held every two years. The conference will deal with new challenges of the equipment and technologies with temperatures below 120 K (-153°C), as well as with other...
