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Possible substitutes for fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons using fluids already marketed.

Author(s) : KRUSE H., HESSE U.

Type of article: Article, IJR article

Summary

Following the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 a reduction of the fully halogenated CFCs used in refrigeration systems will be necessary. Therefore, new fluids for refrigeration and air conditioning systems are necessary and are under development. Those fluids which are not presently on the market, such as R134a and R123, are not well enough investigated as far as their toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects are concerned. These investigations are very time consuming and decisions on the production of these fluids can only be made after positive test results. Therefore, availability on the market is not estimated before approximately 10 years. Because of this long time period and the possibility of negative test results, it is necessary to also consider alternative substitutes for the fully halogenated CFCs. In order not to change the general design and hardware of refrigeration systems and components it is best to look first at other CFCs not included in the Montreal Protocol. Recently available refrigerants on the market are R22, R23, R142b and R152a. Unfortunately, not all fully halogenated CFCs included in the Protocol of Montreal can be substituted by these alternatives for several reasons, such as pressure levels in the systems, flammability, oil behaviour, etc. Furthermore, the refrigerant most looked at as a substitute, R22, seems to have an influence on the ozone layer that has been underestimated, according to recent investigations. Mixtures of these fluids which give adequate pressure levels and inflammability can be a short term solution, as well as mixing with other fluids as sorbents for resorption cycles. Areas of research needed for these combinations of well known fluids are, for instance, thermophysical property data, flammability tests, and system and component hardware behaviour. Research work in such a field has been started at the University of Hannover.

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Pages: 276-283

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Details

  • Original title: Possible substitutes for fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons using fluids already marketed.
  • Record ID : 30001717
  • Languages: English
  • Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 11 - n. 4
  • Publication date: 1988/07

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