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IIR document
Infrared differential thermal analysis (IDTA) of multiple freezing processes.
Thermal analysis of airflow inside a refrigerated container.
Transient thermal analysis of the rotary compressor during startup process.
Thermal analysis and design of solid energy storage systems using a modified lumped capacitance method.
Thermal analysis and optimization of an ice and snow melting system using geothermy by super-long flexible heat pipes
Experimental analysis of the thermal behavior of a GM cryocooler based on linear system theory.
Numerical analysis on thermal performance of trailer house composite envelope using vacuum insulation panels.
The preparation of paraffin/EVA/graphene phase change materials and its thermal properties analysis.
A thermal performance analysis for multilayer insulation used in cryogenic equipment applications.
A new formation kinetics study method of TBPB and CO2 hydrates based on DTA.
Transient thermal and structural analysis of cylinder and bolted joints on BOG compressor during starting process.
Thermal and economic analysis of an energy system of an ORC coupled with vehicle air conditioning.
Experimental investigation on thermal performance of phase change material coupled with closed-loop oscillating heat pipe (PCM/CLOHP) used in thermal management.
Precise simulation analysis of the thermal field in mass concrete with a pipe water cooling system.
Thermal performance calculation and analysis of heat transfer tube in super open rack vaporizer.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
16 results
Heat pump efficiency at low temperatures
A study based on field data shows that heat pumps had significantly higher energy efficiency than oil or gas heating systems, particularly for outdoor temperatures above -10°C.
IIR GL2020 conference: Range of CO2 applications
Almost half of the presentations at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference in Kyoto focused on CO2, in commercial refrigeration systems but also in many other applications. Overview of these...
Design and operation of district heating and cooling systems supplied by renewable energy sources
A report published by the European Commission analyses 8 efficient district heating and cooling systems in different Member States.
Reducing the environmental impact of ultra-low temperature refrigeration systems
Ultra-low temperature (ULT) refrigeration systems often use very high-GWP HFCs. Yet, ULT systems are excluded from the scope of the regulations aimed at phasing-down HFCs. An IJR paper reviews the most promising...
An award-winning industrial dairy using an integrated heat pump system
A recent case study examined the energy consumption and system performance of an innovative integrated heat pump system of a dairy located in Norway. This dairy was among the winning projects of the 2019 “Heat...
Reducing the economic costs of a direct-use geothermal heating system
Italian researchers have modelled a polymer heat exchanger to reduce the cost of a direct-use geothermal heating system for a single building in the active volcano district of the...
Higher AC setting temperatures to reduce thermal discomfort and energy demand in warm countries
Using data from four cities in India, Philippines, and Thailand, a recent study found that occupants experience thermal discomfort from unnecessarily low air conditioning (AC) temperature settings. Warmer indoor...
Road to COP28. Energy efficiency and recovery of refrigerants
“Sustainability must refer to energy efficiency and circularity”, says Dr Laura Fedele, IIR expert.
CO2, one of the options for reducing the carbon footprint of refrigerated transport
Comparison of CO2 emissions from refrigerated transport units using R744 and HFC-134a and overview of solutions that could reduce the carbon footprint of this sector.
Challenges related to the adoption of air conditioning in emerging economies by 2040
The authors of a recent article modelled the adoption of air conditioning by 2040 in four emerging economies: Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Mexico. The adoption of AC could increase between two- to sixteen-fold,...
The impact of humidity on global demand for cooling energy
Recent studies have highlighted the countries most affected by the need to adapt to rising temperatures. Assessing the impact of humidity on perceived temperatures also stresses out...
Solar ejector refrigeration systems: benefits and latest developments
Two IJR articles present the latest advancements in this technology and in particular the advantages of variable geometry ejectors and low-GWP refrigerants in terms of performance.
Evaporative cooling: continuation of the Cold-Snap project at Harvard University
Tests show that Cold-Snap evaporative cooling technology would be effective in humid climates, while limiting water consumption.
Cryogenics 2019: NICA project aims at studying the state of matter existing shortly after the Big Bang
NICA project for a new superconducting accelerator complex in Russia attracted a lot of interest during IIR Cryogenics conference in Prague, in April 2019.
3D printing for passive buildings
3D printing of buildings, which has advantages in terms of cost and speed of construction, can also facilitate the design of near zero energy buildings.
IIR news
6 results
New IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling
Discover the latest IIR Informatory Note that provides a detailed analysis of solar cooling: an environmentally friendly and promising technology.
Add the latest refrigeration publications to your bookshelf!
Check out the latest IIR publications including CO2 as a Refrigerant, Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems and the 1st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016).
Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems
Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.
The IIR at the heart of magnetic refrigeration
Magnetic refrigeration technology proves more alluring than ever: conferences, workshops and research projects continue to make waves.
Two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!
The IIR has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment.
The IIR publishes two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
5 results
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
