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IIR document

Experimental investigation and new correlation for the bubble departure diameter of methane and ethane binary mixtures during nucleate pool boiling.

• Author(s) : LI Z., XUE H., SHEN J., ZHAO Y., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages :
• Keywords : Methane, Ethane, Bubble, Pool boiling, Correlation, Model, Joule-Thomson, Modelling, LNG, Liquefaction
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study of ethane pulsating heat pipe with varying evaporator lengths based on pulse tube refrigerator.

• Author(s) : ZHAN J., CHEN X., JI Y., ZHENG P., DUAN W.
• Publication date: 2023/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ethane, Pulse tube, Refrigerator, Heat pipe, Evaporator, Expérimentation, Heat transfer
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 145
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on flow condensation of zeotropic mixtures of methane/ethane in a horizontal smooth tube.

• Author(s) : ZHUANG X. R., CHEN G. F., GUO H., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer coefficient, Methane, R50, R170, Zeotropic mixture, Expérimentation, Ethane, Flow, Condensation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 85
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical simulation of flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of R134a/Ethane binary mixture in horizontal micro-tube.

• Author(s) : LV H., MA H., ZHAO Y., MAO N., HE T.
• Publication date: 2023/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Simulation, Mixture, Flow boiling, Horizontal tube, Organic Rankine cycle, Pressure drop, Modelling, R134a, Ethane
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 146
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance analysis and comprehensive comparison between CO2 and CO2/ethane azeotropy mixture as a refrigerant used in single-stage and two-stage vapor compression transcritical cycles.

• Author(s) : WANG D., CHEN Z., GU Z., LIU Y., KOU Z., TAO L.
• Publication date: 2020/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Compression system, CO2, R744, Ethane, R170, Azeotropic mixture, Two-stage system, Modelling, Performance
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 115
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Design and optimization of integrated single mixed refrigerant processes for coproduction of LNG and high-purity ethane.

• Author(s) : HE T., LIN W.
• Publication date: 2020/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : LNG, Liquefied gas, Ethane, Optimization, Hydrocarbon, Simulation, Mixture, Refrigerant, Distillation, Cryogenics
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 119
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Measurement of thermophysical properties of low-viscous polyol ester lubricants in carbon dioxide, ethane and ethylene atmospheres.

• Author(s) : GÖPFERT T., THOMAS C., HESSE U.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Measurement, Lubricant, R744, R170, R1150, Thermodynamic property, Mixture, Ethylene, Ethane, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Assessment of rollover effects at large LNG atmospheric and pressure storage tanks.

• Author(s) : CHRZ V.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryotank, Methane, Vacuum, Storage, LNG, Expérimentation, Evaporation, Ethane
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A cryogenic visual apparatus for solid-liquid equilibrium and the measurement of CH₄ + C₂H₆.

• Author(s) : WANG X., ZHAO X., YIN W., ZHANG J., ZHAO Y., DONG X., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2023/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryogenics, Fluid, Mixture, R50, Methane, R170, Ethane, Equilibrium, Phase, Expérimentation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 153
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A new experimental apparatus for the study of low-temperature phase equilibria for LNG production.

• Author(s) : HOCEINI S., CAMPESTRINI M., STRINGARI P.
• Publication date: 2021/10/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : LNG, Production, Cryogenics, Equilibrium, Low temperature, Ethane, Benzene, Expérimentation, Phase
• Source: Cryogenics 2021 online. Proceedings of the 16^th IIR International Conference, October 5-7, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A comparison of refrigerants in a two-stage ejector-expansion transcritical refrigeration cycle based on exergoeconomic and environmental analysis.

• Author(s) : NEMATI A., NAMI H., YARI M.
• Publication date: 2017/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ejector system, Comparison, R744, Nitrous oxide, Ethane, Expansion, Transcritical cycle, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 84
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on flow condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of R170 in a horizontal tube.

• Author(s) : ZHUANG X. R., GONG M. Q., ZOU X., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Horizontal tube, Heat transfer, R170, Expérimentation, Ethane, Flow, Condensation, Pressure drop
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 66
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Theoretical analysis of a double ejector-expansion autocascade refrigeration cycle using hydrocarbon mixture R290/R170.

• Author(s) : LIU Y., YU J., YAN G.
• Publication date: 2018/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R290, R170, Simulation, Propane, Performance, Mixture, Ethane, Ejector, Energy efficiency, Expansion, Freezer
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 94
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Robust intelligent approaches to predict the CO₂ frosting temperature in natural gas mixtures under cryogenic conditions.

• Author(s) : ALIPANAHI E., MORADKHANI M. A., ZOLFAGHARI A., BAYATI B.
• Publication date: 2023/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, CO2, Machine learning, Natural gas, Cryogenics, Methane, Ethane, Nitrogen, Mixture, Modelling, Solidification
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 154
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Novel integrated system for cryogenic CO₂ capture and liquefaction of natural gas using natural refrigerants.

• Author(s) : HE T., GUNDERSEN T., LIN W.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Optimization, Carbon capture, Liquefaction, Natural gas, Ethane, Exergy, Thermodynamics, Simulation, Cryogenics, Azeotropic mixture
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Potential impact of dichloromethane on the ozone layer recovery

In a study published in Nature Communications, Ryan Hossaini and a team of researchers consider the impact of dichloromethane (CH2CL2) on the ozone layer.

• Publication date : 2017/12/13
• Subjects: General information, HFCs alternatives, Environment

A surprising increase in the emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (R11) since 2012

An article published in Nature underlines the unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting R11.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: Regulation

Flammable ice: the answer to Japan’s energy drought?

Flammable ice (or methane hydrate) could represent an interesting alternative to fossil fuels in Japan, since vast amounts of methane hydrate can be found buried deep under the ocean around the country.

• Publication date : 2018/02/06

Comparison of oxygen liquefaction methods for use on the surface of Mars

An article published in Cryogenics reviews the various methods by which oxygen (used with methane as a propellant for ascent from the planet's surface) could be liquefied and stored on the surface of Mars.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

Slight increase in global LNG trade in 2020

Global LNG trade continued to grow in 2020 albeit at a slower pace than the previous year. Meanwhile, orders for LNG-powered vessels have increased significantly.

• Publication date : 2021/10/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Latest IGU report: alarming gas-to-coal switching requires low-carbon solutions

The International Gas Union (IGU) assesses the global natural gas trade in 2020-21 in a report released in May 2022. The report also discusses the need for long-term alternatives to natural gas to reduce...

• Publication date : 2022/06/21
• Subjects: Environment, Figures, economy

Latest news on LNG and bio-LNG infrastructure projects in the pipeline

At the beginning of 2022, several LNG or bio-LNG projects are underway. 

• Publication date : 2022/01/28
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology

Recent advances in hydrogen liquefaction and storage

Several review articles present a comprehensive overview of the liquid hydrogen supply chain. IIR members Linde and Air Liquide are contributing to address the global demand for...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28
• Subjects: Technology

ICR2011 highlights: improving insulation thanks to vacuum

Vacuum insulated panels (VIPs) are a new technology which is theoretically 5 times less conductive than classic polyurethane panels (3 times less in practice because of the various thermal bridges).

• Publication date : 2012/01/05

Research & Development: A cooling curtain made of a porous triple-layer membrane

A doctoral student at ETH Zurich's Functional Materials Laboratory has developed a cooling curtain made of a porous triple-layer membrane.

• Publication date : 2017/09/01

World's biggest store

The so-called world’s biggest cold store – 60-m long, 140-m wide and 36-m high – was installed in Catalonia, Spain, by Aislamientos Aiconsa.

• Publication date : 2011/10/03

Briefs: NOAA Greenhouse Gas Index

Researchers at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed what they call a "scientifically unambiguous" index, that they say will allow them to track changes in the gases that contribute the most to the warming...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

The LNG-fuelled fleet continues to grow

According to the maritime classification and consultancy company DNV, orders for LNG-fuelled ships remained high in 2022, close to the record figure of 2021. The use of LNG as a...

• Publication date : 2023/02/20
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Impact of ageing on the energy efficiency of refrigerating household appliances

A recent study shows an average increase in energy consumption of 11% after 2 years of operation and 27% after 16 years for these appliances. Ageing wall insulation and door gasket contribute to this...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28

Expanding market for hydrocarbon compressors

Several compressor makers are introducing new models operating with hydrocarbon refrigerants. For example ComStar International Inc., will offer compressors with the newly approved R-441A (HCR 188C), patented blend of ethane, propane, butane and...

• Publication date : 2011/06/15

IIR at COP29 in Baku: Week 1 in review

The first week of COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, brought together global leaders, scientists, and industry stakeholders to tackle pressing climate issues. Among the key participants, the...

• Publication date : 2024/11/17

IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration

Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...

• Publication date : 2021/01/21

The IIR makes its mark in LNG

In line with our objective to remain at the forefront of developments in the field of cryogenics the IIR, in partnership with the lnternational Gas Union (IGU), and the Gas Technology Institute (GTI), organizes triennial LNG conferences across the...

• Publication date : 2015/10/14

Frisbee project: We need your input !

The IIR is involved in a European Union-funded project called FRISBEE (Food Refrigeration Innovations for Safety, consumers Benefit, Environmental impact and Energy optimization along the cold chain in Europe). Currently, one of the most important...

• Publication date : 2011/02/16

FRISBEE project: We need your input!

The IIR is involved in a European Union-funded project called FRISBEE (Food Refrigeration Innovations for Safety, consumers Benefit, Environmental impact and Energy optimization along the cold chain in Europe). Currently, one of the most important...

• Publication date : 2011/02/16

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information