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Forced convection enhancement in channels with transversal ribs and nanofluids.
Numerical simulation on forced convection cooling of horizontal ionic wind with multi-electrode.
Experimental study of frost accretion on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates under forced convection conditions.
Forced convection in twisted minichannel (TMC) with different cross section shapes: a numerical study.
Numerical Modelling of Forced Convection of Nanofluids in Smooth, Round Tubes: A Review.
IIR document
Effect of Reynolds number on flow and heat transfer in incompressible forced convection over a 3D backward-facing step.
Impact of Temperature and Nanoparticle Concentration on Turbulent Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids.
The effect of forced convection and PCM on helmets’ thermal performance in hot and arid environments.
A new model for droplets growth during their onset of freezing on flat surfaces under air forced convection.
Forced-convective heat-transfer coefficient and pressure drop of water-based nanofluids in a horizontal pipe.
A numerical study on thermal management of a lithium-ion battery module via forced-convective air cooling.
Recommended by the IIR
Experimental investigations of forced convection of nanofluids in smooth, horizontal, round tubes: a review.
Experimental and numerical investigation on forced convection heat transfer and pressure drop in helically coiled pipes using TiO2/water nanofluid.
Study on the frosting phenomena between concavity and convexity plate under forced convection - The prediction of frost layer growth using the observation from the frost and defrost multi-cycle experiment.
Chapter 6. Precooling
Refrigeration sector monitoring
3 results
Efficient cooling methods to reduce heat stress in pigs
Microclimate parameters such as air temperature and humidity are important indicators of animal welfare. Besides, heat stress is more detrimental to productivity in the swine...
PCMs to reduce energy consumption in buildings
A recent review article describes the principles of latent heat thermal energy storage systems using phase change materials (PCMs), and their applications to improve thermal performance in the building...
Experimental vaccination for Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
To halt the spread of an outbreak of the Ebola virus in Democratic Republic of the Congo, health workers began an immunisation campaign using vaccines which have to be stored at extremely low temperatures.
IIR news
1 result
The IIR worldwide
Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
5 results
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
