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Normalizace a odlucovací schopnosti filtru pro všeobecné vetrání.

Standardization and separation capabilities of filters for general ventilation.

• Author(s) : HEMERKA J., VYBÍRAL P.
• Publication date: 2018/02
• Languages : Czech
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 27 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

A general three-dimensional simulation approach for micro-channel heat exchanger based on graph theory.

• Author(s) : REN T., DING G. L., WANG T. T., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 59 - n. 1-2

Filtrace pri všeobecném vetrání pobytových místností.

Filtration concerning general ventilation in residential (permanent stay) rooms.

• Author(s) : HEMERKA J.
• Publication date: 2013/04
• Languages : Czech
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 22 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A general correlation for critical heat flux in horizontal channels.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 59
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An accurate generalized model for predict vapor pressure of refrigerants.

• Author(s) : SANJARI E., HONARMAND M., BADIHI H., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 36 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A general model for two-stage vapor compression heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : JIANG S., WANG S., JIN X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 51
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A general method for calculating the uncertainty of virtual sensors for packaged air conditioners.

• Author(s) : CHEUNG H., BRAUN J. E.
• Publication date: 2016/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 63
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

General correlation for critical heat flux during saturated flow across a cylinder.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 144
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Prediction of refrigerant-lubricant viscosity using the general PC-SAFT friction theory.

• Author(s) : MARCELINO NETO M. A., BARBOSA J. R. Jr
• Publication date: 2014/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 45
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

General framework for revising class A3 refrigerant charge limits – a discussion.

• Author(s) : COLBOURNE D., SUEN K. O., LI T. X., VONSILD A.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 117
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

PDSim: A general quasi-steady modeling approach for positive displacement compressors and expanders.

• Author(s) : BELL I. H., ZIVIANI D., LEMORT V., et al.
• Publication date: 2020/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 110
• Formats : PDF

Applicability of some general prediction correlations of flow boiling to a few pure substances.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : CHEN D., SHI Y., GAO Z.
• Publication date: 2013/06
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 34 - n. 151
• Formats : PDF

Research on personnel density and air conditioning cooling load in a general hospital.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : WANG T., LÜ J., SHI D., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 311
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

New general correlation for heat transfer during saturated boiling in mini and macro channels.

• Author(s) : SHAH M. M.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

A general modeling approach for complex evaporative cooling heat exchanger based on spatial scanning.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LI X., YANG M., SHI W., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 158
• Formats : PDF

History of the expansion of air conditioning in the United States

An article published in the Guardian goes through the history of air conditioning development in the United States.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30
• Subjects: General information

Net zero: some initiatives in the field of refrigeration

As part of the Race to Zero campaign launched by the UNFCCC, two initiatives on refrigeration have recently been promoted. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29
• Subjects: Environment

For IIR members only

The impact of humidity on global demand for cooling energy

Recent studies have highlighted the countries most affected by the need to adapt to rising temperatures. Assessing the impact of humidity on perceived temperatures also stresses out...

• Publication date : 2023/09/25
• Subjects: General information

A responsible community, from science to society

IIR newsletter focus, by Philippe Lebrun, President of the General Conference of the IIR

• Publication date : 2017/02/01
• Subjects: Environment, General information

The need for air conditioning is increasing in the EU

Recent Eurostat figures show an increase in the number of cooling degree days in the EU-27 Member States. This indicates an increase in the need for air conditioning over the last decades.

• Publication date : 2021/05/31
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Is GWP20 relevant?

At the 31st Open Ended Working Group of the Montreal Protocol meeting in Montreal in August 2011, a paper proposing to calculate GWP figures on a 20 rather than on a 100-year basis was released.

• Publication date : 2011/12/26
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Road to COP28. Energy efficiency and recovery of refrigerants

“Sustainability must refer to energy efficiency and circularity”, says Dr Laura Fedele, IIR expert. 

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Technology, General information

EU Energy Union

The European Commission has published its strategy framework for an Energy Union, containing 15 “action points” to consolidate energy supply and to reduce energy use and related carbon emissions throughout Europe.

• Publication date : 2015/08/09
• Subjects: General information

Global energy demand is predicted to grow by more than one-third over the period to 2035

Global energy demand will grow by more than one-third over the period to 2035 according to IEA with China, India and the Middle East accounting for 60% of the increase.

• Publication date : 2013/04/05
• Subjects: General information

United States: the job market in the HVACR sector is growing strongly

367,900 heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers were employed in the US in 2018, up by 37.5% compared to 2012. This increase should continue in the next 10 years.

• Publication date : 2019/10/30
• Subjects: General information

Refrigeration is the greatest invention in the history of food and drink

The Royal Society, a pre-eminent UK national academy of science classified refrigeration as the greatest invention in the history of food and drink in a project identifying the 20 most important inventions throughout human history.

• Publication date : 2012/11/23
• Subjects: General information

Castle Lite’s ice cold campaign.

The South African beer refreshes its image.

• Publication date : 2017/02/07
• Subjects: General information

Sustainable air-conditioning solutions in EU buildings

In a recent briefing note, the European Environment Agency (EEA) discusses sustainable solutions to the growing need for cooling in Europe.

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: General information

China: record temperatures in Beijing increase cooling demand

In June 2023, Beijing recorded its hottest temperatures in 60 years, affecting electricity and cooling demand.

• Publication date : 2023/06/26
• Subjects: General information

UNEP knowledge maps of refrigeration sector organisations and training centres worldwide

UNEP has launched its OzonAction Knowledge Maps tool, which offers access to data and information about relevant stakeholders in the refrigeration sector, including air conditioning and heat pumps (RACHP)...

• Publication date : 2021/07/15
• Subjects: General information

IJR Editorial: World Refrigeration Day 2020

Editorial of Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, published in volume 113 of the International...

• Publication date : 2020/06/10

Discover the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration

The IIR is proud to present the newest addition to its portfolio of scientific information products; the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2022/07/01
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology, General information

Training and courses: Accessible opportunities online

The IIR has taken care to provide you with an exclusive selection of digital training and course material on the main themes of HVACR, including a section dedicated to certification courses from reputable international organisations and companies...

• Publication date : 2017/10/03

ICCC 2018 welcomed nearly 200 participants

Hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration, the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain welcomed nearly 200 participants this month in Beijing, China.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: Environment, General information

FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration

About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.

• Publication date : 2022/07/28
• Subjects: General information

The IIR worldwide

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27
• Subjects: General information

The IIR worldwide

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/04/30
• Subjects: General information

The IIR worldwide

Focus on the latest IIR interventions around the world.

• Publication date : 2019/01/31
• Subjects: General information

The activities of CaRe, the IIR working group on careers in refrigeration

CaRe, the new IIR working group dedicated to promoting careers in refrigeration to the younger generation and particularly women, has organised two events at the ICCC2018 conference in Beijing.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: General information

Annual IIR statutory meetings

The annual IIR statutory meetings took place between June 13 and 15, 2018 in Paris. They were held at La Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, where the attendees could visit the international exhibition on refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: General information

Women in the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Industry Report

UN Environment recently published a report on the personal experiences and achievements of women working in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29
• Subjects: General information

New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy

Discover the 29th Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies

• Publication date : 2015/12/02
• Subjects: General information

New in our Encyclopedia. Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: General information

The IIR launches a call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!

All professionals in the field of low-temperature technologies are called and are strongly encouraged to strictly adhere to the internationally established and approved definitions, by the International...

• Publication date : 2020/10/02
• Subjects: General information

Call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!

All professionals in the field of low-temperature technologies are called and are strongly encouraged to strictly adhere to the internationally established and approved definitions, by the International...

• Publication date : 2020/09/28
• Subjects: General information

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information