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Modeling and optimization of R-717 and R-134a ice thermal energy storage air conditioning systems using NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms.
IIR document
Condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of azeotropic mixture refrigerant R32/R1270 inside horizontal small-diameter tubes.
Evaluation of flammability characteristics of mixed refrigerants R134a/R1270, R134a/R170, and R170/R1270.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurement for carbon dioxide (CO2)+propylene (R1270) binary mixture at temperatures from subcritical to supercritical.
Experimental research on heat transfer performance of R124-DMAC bubble absorption in a visual vertical tube absorber.
Visual experimental research on the effect of nozzle orifice structure on r124-DMAC absorption process in a vertical bubble tube.
Optimización energética de los refrigerantes R152a, R1234yf, R290, R1270, R600a y R744, como alternativa al R134a en un armario de refrigeración vertical.
Energy optimisation of R152a, R1234yf, R290, R1270, R600a and R744 refrigerants as alternatives to R134a in a vertical refrigeration cabinet.
Experimental evaluation of the novel R744/R1270 blend in a transcritical refrigeration plant.
Experimental investigation of the performance of an R1270/CO2 cascade refrigerant system.
Experimental comparison of CO2 and alternative CO2/R1270 mixtures in a transcritical refrigerating plant. Energy evaluation in an MT application.
Convective condensation of R600a, R290, R1270 and their zeotropic binary mixtures in horizontal tubes.
Experimental evaluation of a cascade refrigeration system with the natural refrigerants R290/R744, R1270/R744 and R600a/R744.
Thermodynamic performance evaluation of a cascade refrigeration system with mixed refrigerants: R744/R1270, R744/R717 and R744/RE170.
Energy improvements in a stand-alone transcritical refrigeration system using a low-GWP mixture of CO2/R1270.
Experimental performance of an R-22-based refrigeration system for use with R-1270, R-438A, R-404A and R-134a.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
105 results
Alternative mixtures for R134a
A NIST study identifies 23 non-flammable or slightly flammable mixtures as R134a alternatives in air conditioning.
300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a seized in Hangzhou
US refrigerant manufacturer DuPont has announced the seizure of 300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a in Hangzhou province, China.
New R134a alternatives in mobile air conditioning
Two new refrigerant blends are considered as an R134a alternative and "virtually non-flammable".
Refrigerant blends may offer alternative to R134a
Research released by SAE provide further evidence that Mexichem Fluor's refrigerant blends AC5 and AC6 could offer EU regulation compliant alternatives to R134a in automotive air conditioning.
Canada: Government intends to prohibit R134a in commercial refrigeration
A Notice of Intent was published by the Canadian Ministry of Environment indicating that the government is considering prohibition of the manufacture and import of high GWP refrigerants, including R134a, R507 series and R404A in certain commercial...
Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a
A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.
Transport: Hapag-Lloyd switches from R134a to R513A
The German shipping company Hapag-Lloyd has recently purchased 1,000 containers chilled with R513A.
R134a/CO2 cascade for a French ice rink
In the French Alps, the Alpe d’Huez ice rink has recently completely renovation, replacing the former HCFC-22 refrigeration system by an HFC-134a/CO2 cascade system.
R22 and R134a emissions double, even triple, in summer
In a recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, B. Xiang et al. present the results of in situ observations of R22 and R134a taken from research aircraft over the Pacific Ocean combined with long-term ground...
MAC: EU orders Germany to stop using R134a in new models of vehicles
The European Commission ordered Germany to stop using R134a or to face court action and possible fines.
Briefs: Middle East - DuPont expresses anger over counterfeit R22 and R134a refrigerants
DuPont has set up a task force to help local authorities deal with refrigerant counterfeits in the Middle East, it claims are potentially harmful. Pascal Faidy, business manager at DuPont Fluorochemical Refrigerants, claims they were dangerous for...
France allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its MAC systems.
The French Supreme Court has upheld last August’s decision to overturn the MAC (Mobile air conditioning) directive and allows Daimler to continue to use R134a in its car air conditioning systems.
US: R134a, R410A and R407C could be banned in chillers from 2025
AHRI and NRDC issue joint letter supporting EPA SNAP proposal to prohibit R134a, R410A and R407C in new chillers from 2025.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
Recycling could significantly cut down emissions from HFC production
A team of researchers estimated that with 30% of recycled refrigerants in the annual output, CO2 emissions from the production of R134a could be reduced by about a...
IIR news
4 results
News from IIR members: DKV
New DKV publications:• CD-ROM of Deutschen Kälte-Klima Tagung 2010 in Magdeburg, containing all papers and presentations. Languages: German and English• Special: CD-ROMs from DKV-Tagungen 2002 to 2010 as a...
Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning
Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.
IIR member news: Embraco
Embraco, IIR Corporate Member, announced the launch of a new oil-less linear compressor design for domestic refrigeration.
News from IIR members: Star Refrigeration
Star Refrigeration has installed a highly efficient Azanechiller at a Scottish meat processing facility. The central pumped glycol system has a total cooling capacity of 365kW and includes pumps with variable speed drives, six ceiling...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
6 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
