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IIR document
Comparison of R-404A, R-448A and R-452A as drop-in replacements for R-218 in special applications.
Study of R-404A and R-448A refrigerants in low temperature refrigeration of electronics.
Investigation of the solid-liquid phase equilibria for cryogenic argon-fluorocarbon mixed refrigerant.
Development of non-flammable mixed refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigerator for semiconductor etching process.
Design of non-flammable mixed-refrigerants Joule-Thomson refrigerator below -100℃.
Experimental investigation of the cascade type non-flammable mixed refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigerator for 100K cooling temperature.
Design of non-flammable mixed refrigerant Joule-Thomson refrigerator for precooling stage of high temperature superconducting power cable.
Mass flow rate correlation for two-phase flow of R218 through a capillary tube.
Thermodynamic properties of a new refrigerant: a binary azeotrope based on R152a and R218.
Thermodynamic properties of a mixture of argon with refrigerants R14 and R218.
[In Russian. / En russe.]
Experimental research of the refrigerating machine working on mixes on the basis of ammonia.
Comparison between fluorinated ether azeotropic mixtures HFE-143a/HFE-218 as refrigerants and some other HCFC-22 alternatives.
[In Chinese. / En chinois.]
Thermodynamic properties of mixtures of ozone-safe refrigerants FC218-HFC134a and HFC152a-HFC134a.
Numerical simulation of gas-contaminated refrigerant two-phase flow through adiabatic capillary tubes.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
18 results
ISS ammonia leak scare
Ammonia is typically used as a coolant in spaceflight systems.
ICR2011 highlights: cooling particle detectors
Cooling systems for particle detectors attracted interest at the IIR’s Congress in Prague in August 2011. These highly specific applications have very strict requirements compared with standard cooling systems: refrigerants should be resistant to...
A milestone for road transport: 500 LNG stations in Europe
As of February 2022, the Natural & bio Gas Vehicle Association (NGVA Europe) has identified 500 LNG stations in Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)...
Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning
A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning.
Meeting the cooling and freshwater needs of arid countries
In a recent review article, the authors summarised research efforts in meeting cooling and freshwater demands in arid and hot climates, using available solar...
Martinique: a geothermal cooling network project
Storengy and TLS Geothermics have been granted a research permit to explore the subsoil of Martinique and the potential of geothermal energy. Engie Solutions will bring its expertise in heating and cooling...
Frozen avocados to meet the booming global “avo craze”
Frozen avocado pieces or products represent a rising market for exporters to guarantee year-round supply of avocados, which is becoming crucial to the food service sector.
The global Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) market
The global market for MRI systems valued USD 4.13 billion, as of the first quarter of 2013, and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.56% reaching approximately USD 5.24 billion by 2018.
World’s largest adsorption solar cooling installation
Austrian company SOLID has installed a solar cooling for Desert Mountain High School, in Scottsdale, Arizona, a city in the Greater Phoenix area which enjoys 312 days of sun annually.
Briefs: Mr Wankeun Lee
Mr Wankeun Lee has been appointed new Chairman of KRAIA, the Korea Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association.
Probiotic ice cream to boost oral health for children
A recent Indian study, which was published in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, used ice cream to test the effectiveness of probiotic bacteria on oral health.
Out of the ordinary: Green Acropolis in South Korea
Rotterdam-based architects MVRDV has won the Gwanggyo City Centre Competition for their design of an incredible new city south of Seoul, South Korea. Envisioned as a verdant series of ‘hill' structures, the "City of Green Rings" will be a...
LNG in China
Robust growth in natural gas demand has led China to become the third largest LNG importer.
The global ice cream market in 2013
Market consumption volume increased with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3% between 2009 and 2013, to reach a total of 14,187.8m liters in 2013.
The European ice cream market
The European ice cream market reported total revenues of USD 24,836.9 m in 2013, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.3% between 2009 and 2013.
IIR news
2 results
Commission C2: paving the way on food science & engineering
Coordinated by the Science and Technology Council, Commission C2 focuses on research and breakthrough technologies related to food science and engineering.
ICR2015: A stimulating environment for dynamic exchanges
With a focus on improving standards and the quality of life of many worldwide, as well as emphasising the importance of preserving the earth through the advancement of refrigeration applications and technology, ICR2015 is expected to attract a...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
