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IIR document
An improved approach to model compressors, condenser/gas cooler and their control system in refrigeration systems with R404A and R744 based on physical principles.
Mezclas HFC/HFO para sustituir al R404A en refrigeración comercial.
HFC/HFO mixtures to substitute R404a in commercial refrigeration.
Scambio termico di miscele refrigenranti a basso GWP come possibili alternative a R404A.
Heat exchange of low GWP refrigerant mixtures as a possible alternative to R404A.
Ensayos de nuevas alternativas de bajo GWP al R-404A para refrigeración comercial.
Tests for new low-GWP R-404A alternatives in commercial cooling.
Prestazioni impiaoto frigorifero di un supermercato, con R-449A in confronto al R-404A.
Results from supermarket refrigerating system trial with R-449A in comparison with R-404A.
Gro?e Auswahl, wenig Alternativen? Ersatzkältemittel für R404A-Kältesysteme in Supermärkten.
Many choices, few alternatives? Alternative refrigerants for R404A systems in supermarkets.
Análisis teórico de sustitutos de bajo PCA en R404A para islas de refrigeración.
Theoretical analysis of R404A substitutes with low GWP for cooling islands.
Análisis de R-452A como alternativa al R-404A en sistemas de compresión de vapor.
Analysis of R-452A as an alternative to R-404A in vapour compression systems.
Recommended by the IIR
Análisis teórico y experimental de la sustitución del R-404A con la mezcla R-454A.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of the substitution of R-404A with the R-454A mixture.
Evaluación energética del refrigerante R468A como alternativa al R404A en aplicaciones comerciales de baja temperatura.
Energy evaluation of R468A refrigerant as an alternative to R404A in low temperature commercial applications.
Sustitución del R404A en un sistema de refrigeración de media y baja temperatura mediante ciclos de compresión paralela con el R-449A.
Substitution of R404A in a medium and low temperature refrigeration system using parallel compression cycles with R-449A.
Quali solutioni di "drop-in" per sostituire l'R404A nel transporto?
Which "drop-in" alternative solutions to replace R404A in transportation?
Non-flammable, lower GWP alternatives to R-404A.
R-404A alternative with low compressor discharge temperature.
Assessment of next generation refrigerant R452A to replace R404A for transport refrigeration products.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
63 results
Replacement of R404A in supermarkets
R404A is particularly targeted by the EU F-gas Regulation and many refrigerant producers announced important price rises. Various option can be considered to replace it.
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
Honeywell tests new R404A replacement
Honeywell has been testing a new low-GWP refrigerant as a potential replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed refrigeration systems
Refrigerated transport: R452A as a “drop-in” alternative to R404A
Two major transport refrigeration companies recently announced they will offer R452A as an alternative to R404A in their transport refrigeration units.
Supermarkets: retrofit of refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A
Two examples of retrofitting supermarket refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A.
Commercial refrigeration: marketing of R471A, a new alternative to R404A
Honeywell recently announced the marketing of R471A, a non-flammable refrigerant with a GWP under 150. It is expected to replace R404A in medium temperature commercial refrigeration...
New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems
A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.
Consequences of the EU F-Gas Regulation: uncertainty on the future availability of R404A
Anyone installing equipment with R404A now will probably have to retrofit to a lower GWP refrigerant in the next few years.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
US to ban high-GWP refrigerants
A rule proposal by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides that all high-GWP HFCs, including R134a, R404A and R410A, will be banned in most new refrigeration equipment...
A French supermarket switches its refrigeration system to CO2 without closing the store
The French retailer Intermarché has replaced its R404A system with a transcritical CO2 system in a store in Montmagny, near Paris.
Member news: Carrier Transicold to offer R452A in the United States
Carrier Transicold proposes R452A as an alternative to R404A for refrigerated hauliers in the USA.
GHG emissions in international marine shipping.
GHG emissions from international shipping increased by 9.6% between 2012 and 2018, according to the Fourth Greenhouse Gas Study published in 2020 by the International Maritime Organization. HFC and HCFC...
UK: Transcritical CO2 for Harrods
The world-famous London luxury store Harrods has installed an innovative parallel CO2 compression refrigeration system in its food department in order to replace its ageing R22 and R404A systems.
Canada: Government intends to prohibit R134a in commercial refrigeration
A Notice of Intent was published by the Canadian Ministry of Environment indicating that the government is considering prohibition of the manufacture and import of high GWP refrigerants, including R134a, R507 series and R404A in certain commercial...
IIR news
6 results
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.
New IIR conference on the application of HFO Refrigerants
From September 2 to 5, 2018 in Birmingham (UK), the Institute of Refrigeration (IOR) will host the inaugural IIR International Conference on the application of HFO Refrigerants.
IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility
After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.
The Mostra Convegno exhibition
In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.
IIR member news: Cemafroid, IRSTEA and AFCE
A new study on the containment of refrigerants has been launched with the aim of identifying and promoting best practices in this regard.
Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning
Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
