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Estudio de campo para comparar 4 refrigerantes en la misma instalación R507, R407A, R407F, R442A, para baja temperatura de evaporación (-30°C).
Field study to compare four refrigerants R507, R407A, R407F, R442A in the same low-temperature (-30°C) evaporation installation.
R450a and R513a as low-GWP substitutes of R-134a and R-507a in a medium temperature refrigeration system.
IIR document
Experimental analysis of R-450A and R-513A as replacements of R-134a and R-507A in a medium temperature commercial refrigeration system.
Aplicación practica en un nuevo equipo con el refrigerante R-442A para baja temperatura: conservación de productos congelados.
Practical application on new equipement with R-442A refrigerant for low temperature: frozen products preservation.
Entropic and statistical analysis of refrigeration cycles for “shock” freezing.
[In Russian. / En russe.]
Thermophysical properties of refrigerants (2014)
Refrigerant boiling at low heat flux densities in vertical tubes with heat transfer enhancing fittings.
A cryogenic visual apparatus for solid-liquid equilibrium and the measurement of CH4 + C2H6.
Experimental investigation on flow condensation of methane in a horizontal smooth tube.
Experimental investigation on flow condensation of zeotropic mixtures of methane/ethane in a horizontal smooth tube.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Diagnosis and baseline refrigerant use in the Colombian meat, dairy, and fruit and vegetable industries.
Comparing energy consumption and life cycle costs of industrial size refrigeration systems.
Evaluation of R449A in field retrofits of R404A supermarket systems.
Direct vs indirect commercial refrigeration at medium temperature: energy analysis.
Influence of equations of state and mixture models on the design of a refrigeration process.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
24 results
Replacement of R404A in supermarkets
R404A is particularly targeted by the EU F-gas Regulation and many refrigerant producers announced important price rises. Various option can be considered to replace it.
Alternatives to replace R404A for refrigerated transport
With about 5 million refrigerated vehicles operating worldwide, there is active research and development focusing on identifying alternatives to R404A, which is traditionally used in truck and trailer...
Honeywell tests new R404A replacement
Honeywell has been testing a new low-GWP refrigerant as a potential replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed refrigeration systems
Supermarkets: retrofit of refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A
Two examples of retrofitting supermarket refrigerating systems from R404A to R449A.
Refrigerated transport: R452A as a “drop-in” alternative to R404A
Two major transport refrigeration companies recently announced they will offer R452A as an alternative to R404A in their transport refrigeration units.
New low GWP replacement for R404A in hermetically-sealed systems
A new lower GWP replacement for R404A, which blends an HFO and an HFC with a “natural” refrigerant is to be made commercially available next year.
Commercial refrigeration: marketing of R471A, a new alternative to R404A
Honeywell recently announced the marketing of R471A, a non-flammable refrigerant with a GWP under 150. It is expected to replace R404A in medium temperature commercial refrigeration...
Consequences of the EU F-Gas Regulation: uncertainty on the future availability of R404A
Anyone installing equipment with R404A now will probably have to retrofit to a lower GWP refrigerant in the next few years.
Mexichem, DuPont and Honeywell announced new HFO-based alternatives for R404A and R134a
M. Cooper, sales manager for Mexichem, revealed in RAC the manufacturer’s offering for stationary refrigeration would be based on its AC5 refrigerant (R444A) which has been undergoing development as a mobile air-conditioning refrigerant....
Canada: Government intends to prohibit R134a in commercial refrigeration
A Notice of Intent was published by the Canadian Ministry of Environment indicating that the government is considering prohibition of the manufacture and import of high GWP refrigerants, including R134a, R507 series and R404A in certain commercial...
A French supermarket switches its refrigeration system to CO2 without closing the store
The French retailer Intermarché has replaced its R404A system with a transcritical CO2 system in a store in Montmagny, near Paris.
US to ban high-GWP refrigerants
A rule proposal by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides that all high-GWP HFCs, including R134a, R404A and R410A, will be banned in most new refrigeration equipment...
China: World's largest indoor ski resort applies energy saving measures
Shanghai’s new indoor ski resort relies heavily on refrigeration technologies, including 33 snow-making machines to feed the pistes.
Radiative cooling coatings that can adapt to the seasons
A novel material can be used as a coating on building’s rooftops or windows to provide radiative cooling in the summer without overcooling in the colder months.
Cryogenics 2021 highlights: applications of liquid nitrogen
Cryopreservation of biological materials to favour biodiversity and cooling of superconducting cables to allow transmission of electrical energy with zero resistance are key applications of liquid...
IIR news
1 result
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
7 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
