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IIR document
Energy consumption of cold climate heat pumps in different climates. Comparison of single-stage and two-stage systems.
Experimental study on two-stage ejector refrigeration system driven by two heat sources.
Modélisation d'un système frigorifique à absorption bi-étagé.
Two-stage absorption refrigerating system modelling.
Control strategy of two stage CO2 heat recovery systems in ice rinks.
A general model for two-stage vapor compression heat pump systems.
Development of large capacity 3D scroll compressor for first stage of two-stage compression system.
Experimental investigation on two-stage thermoelectric cooling system adopted in isoelectric focusing.
Theoretical analyses of a new two-stage absorption-transcritical hybrid refrigeration system.
Numerical investigation of two-stage vapor compression system with simultaneous vapor and liquid injection.
Optimal volume ratio of two-stage vapour compression system using zeotropic refrigerant.
Rational designing of two-stage absorption-ejector chilling air system.
Fast calculation method for performance upper-limit of (quasi) two-stage vapour compression system.
Performance analysis of a two-stage mechanical compression–ejector cooling cycle intended for micro-trigeneration system.
Energy and exergy analysis of a two-stage cascade vapor compression refrigeration system with modified system configuration.
Performance evaluation of a two-stage silica gel + water adsorption based cooling-cum-desalination system.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
49 results
Two-stage indirect glycol and CO2 commercial system drastically cuts refrigerant use
An award-winning store, that reduces refrigerant use by 98%, and eliminates HFCs, was recently opened in Folsom, CA, USA.
An ejector refrigeration system optimised for sub-zero temperatures on fishing vessels
Large amounts of diesel fuel are used to power fishing vessels engines and on-board refrigeration systems. In a recent theoretical study, an energy-efficient sub-zero refrigeration system proposed based on a...
Great potential for solar district cooling in Saudi Arabia
A recent modelling compares the performances of a two-stage and a single-stage absorption chiller in a solar district cooling system in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Kenyan fish processing facility upgrades from R22 to ammonia
East Africa Sea Foods (EASF), a fish processing facility in Kenya, recently replaced its aging R22 refrigeration system with a two-stage ammonia system.
Development and evaluation of a reversible CO2 residential air conditioning system compared to a state-of-the art R410a unit
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A reversible CO2 prototype RAC split unit system was designed, built and installed in two calorimetric test chambers. The unit is based on the Lorentzen Cycle...
Briefs: Largest distribution centre in Africa
The centre, built by Woolworths in Midrand, South Africa has a surface area of 72 000 m². The 2-stage refrigeration system uses 4.2 tons of ammonia. It operates at -9°C/+32°C on the low stage while the high-stage ammonia circuit is used to chill...
High efficiency, low carbon supermarket refrigeration
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A new but simple high efficiency refrigeration system design suitable for use in supermarkets has been developed based on standard components so that...
New solar-cooling technology for cooling-freezing
Refrigeration is often based on compressor technology which consumes electricity. A recently developed system making it possible to achieve relatively low temperatures solely using solar energy has been designed by PROMES, a laboratory working...
Star in the Shetlands: Star Refrigeration
Star Refrigeration, a corporate member of the IIR, has equipped Shetland Catch Ltd. with new blast-freezing equipment, raising the capacity from 200 to over 750 tonnes per day. Shetland Catch's plant near Lerwick is now probably the largest...
Marine refrigeration
The use of natural refrigerants is gradually spreading. Here are two examples of their use in the marine sector: - Environmentally-friendly fish transport American Freedom is one of the world's largest refrigerated ships and can hold up to...
H2 update: Linde
Linde recently opened the world's first hydrogen filling station for fuel cell passenger ships in Hamburg. The Zemship filling station provides fill-ups of hydrogen gas for this "zero emissions ship". The first passenger ship for 100 people to be...
Out of ordinary: Skiing under a hot desert sun
What has been referred to as one of the "biggest refrigerators in the world", Dubai's indoor winter sports centre, designed by Acer Snowmech Consultants, spans 170 000 m3, defying nature and a stifling hot desert sun. In order to create an ideal...
Ultracold polar molecules
Scientists at JILA, a joint institute of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU-Boulder), have applied their expertise in ultracold atoms and lasers to produce the first high-density...
Cryogenic applications: Cooling largest outer-space telescope
In his presentation on cryogenics applications at the IIR-AFF centenary conference in Paris (see Focus), Philippe Lebrun, President of the IIR's Section A, mentioned cryogenic detectors of cosmic signals and cited Herschel probe as an example. The...
World AC and compressor trends
In its recent report, JARN estimates that the HVAC&R market in 2006 was about 66 billion USD and about half of sales were air conditioners and related products. - Regarding the AC market, China, the US, Japan and major European countries make...
IIR news
3 results
Yokohama e yokoso !
From 16 to 22 August 2015, the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), recognised internationally as a milestone refrigeration event, will bring together key refrigeration stakeholders from across the globe at the Pacifico Yokohama...
Rankine 2020 conference highlights opportunities and challenges for the future
The IIR Rankine 2020 – Advances in Heating, Cooling and Power Generation conference was organised by the Institute of Refrigeration UK (IOR) as an ambitious 5-day online event running across July 27-31. It...
Now available: IIR Congress papers 2019
Download your copy of the ICR 2019 proceedings. Over 630 technical papers are available!
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Events
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IIR event
9th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
April 12, 2026 - April 14, 2026
Istanbul, Türkiye (Republic)
Submit your abstract now! The 9th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2026)...
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