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A review of two-phase closed-loop thermosiphon applications in cooling systems.

Author(s) : YEDMEL M. A., DELAHAYE A., LEDUCQ D.

Type of article: IJR article

Summary

Two-phase closed-loop thermosiphons (TPCLTs) have gained increasing attention for their ability to passively transfer large heat loads with high thermal efficiency, making them a promising solution for reducing energy consumption in cooling systems. This paper presents the first comprehensive review of TPCLT applications across all cooling sectors, analysing experimental and combined experimental-numerical studies to highlight their benefits, technological innovations, and key operational challenges. The review first surveys application domains, showing that more than 50 % of reported TPCLT implementations target electronics thermal management, while adoption in sectors such as ground cooling and air conditioning remains limited due to practical integration constraints, despite rapid growth in safety-related and large-scale systems. The review then synthesises the critical parameters governing TPCLT performance and their interdependence, including working fluid properties, filling ratio, system geometry, pressure drop, and two-phase flow stability. The findings indicate that TPCLTs are particularly valued for their passive operation and high reliability, which contribute to significant energy savings and enhanced system safety in several applications. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of coupled thermal-hydraulic mechanisms and further optimisation of design parameters are still required to extend stable operating ranges and broaden applicability. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying research gaps, this review aims to guide future research and support the deployment of TPCLT-based solutions in nextgeneration thermal management systems.

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Pages: 16 p.

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Details

  • Original title: A review of two-phase closed-loop thermosiphon applications in cooling systems.
  • Record ID : 30034853
  • Languages: English
  • Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 186
  • Publication date: 2026/06
  • DOI: http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.106914

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