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Design considerations in cold climates.
Cold climate HVAC solution.
IIR document
Development of a cold climate heat pump using two-stage compression.
Dry indoor climate – Why and how to prepare for the next cold season?
Soluciones para reducir el consumo energético de supermercados en climas fríos.
Solutions to reduce the energy consumption of supermarkets in a cold climate.
Improving cold climate air-source heat pump performance with refrigerant mixtures.
Cold climate integrated heat pump.
Experimental investigation on heating performance of a cold climate thermoelectric-assisted heat pump.
Performance analysis of liquid flooded compression with regeneration for cold climate heat pumps
A review of recent residential heat pump systems and applications in cold climates.
Isentropic mixtures and their application in heat pumps in cold climate region.
Membrane energy exchangers, evaluation of a frost-free design and its performance for ventilation in cold climates.
Performance evaluation of propane heat pump system for electric vehicle in cold climate.
Cost reduction of heat pump water heating in cold climates for low to moderate income families.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Performance evaluation of R1234yf heat pump system for an electric vehicle in cold climate.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
238 results
A promising solar heat pump system for cold climates
A simulation of a novel solar-assisted ground source heat pump system shows promising results for improved energy efficiency and reduced soil freezing in cold climates.
Unchecked emissions of R23 challenge climate and sustainable refrigeration goals
Despite regulations under the Montreal Protocol, emissions of R23, a high-GWP HFC used in ultra-low temperature refrigeration, remain unexpectedly high, raising concerns for sustainable refrigeration...
Innovations in cooling and refrigeration: insights from China’s first biennial transparency report on climate change
China submitted its first biennial transparency report on climate change to UNFCCC in December 2024
Green roofs can reduce cooling demand in warm climate zones
The impact of green roofs on building energy performance was assessed in 15 climate zones. In most regions, the reduction in energy demand for cooling was greater than for...
The climate impact of the refrigeration sector in Australia
According to a recent report, the refrigeration sector accounts for 24% of Australia’s electricity consumption and 11.5% of CO2 emissions. This report also identifies the main causes of direct and...
Windcatchers: the birth of air conditioning and natural refrigeration?
Windcatchers, which can reduce indoor temperatures by around 10°C and store water at near-freezing temperatures during summer months, have been used over centuries in many regions around the world.
Limiting global warming to 1.5°C: the potential contribution of the refrigeration sector
The latest IPCC report stresses the importance to limit the increase in the global average temperature to 1.5°C instead of 2°C in order to lower the adaptation needs. The refrigeration sector can contribute to this objective.
Cold storage: sustainable solutions for developing countries with hot climates
Two papers from the recent IIR Congress illustrate the importance of developing the cold chain in developing countries with warm climates. In particular, in India, environmentally-friendly technical solutions...
Mini containers, an energy-efficient solution for small farmers?
To benefit small growers, a team of researchers investigated the concept of mini containers that would consume less energy and produce fewer GHG emissions than conventional full-size...
The refrigeration sector celebrates International Women's Day and World Engineering Day
Engineers and technicians make up the bulk of the workforce in the refrigeration and heat pump sector, a growing sector in which all professions are accessible to women.
Solar-powered off-grid cooling: An innovative prototype for remote areas
An innovative solar-powered refrigerator could transform the preservation of perishable goods in areas without electricity.
COP 27 at Sharm Al Sheikh
The IIR at the COP 27: side event was organised by the IIR with the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA). Didier Coulomb gave a statement at the high-level session.
The district cooling network of Paris will be extended by 158 km within 20 years
Paris’ district cooling network currently covers over 86 kilometres and will be extended to 250 kilometres by 2042. It will increase the city's contribution to the carbon neutrality objective by...
Passive cooling can reduce energy demand by 35 to 70% in the ASEAN residential sector
Among countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a study showed that integrating passive cooling strategies into building design can reduce cooling energy...
Meeting the cooling and freshwater needs of arid countries
In a recent review article, the authors summarised research efforts in meeting cooling and freshwater demands in arid and hot climates, using available solar...
IIR news
203 results
1st IIR-UNEP Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates
In collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the IIR is proud to announce the 1st IIR-UNEP Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates.
Strengthening cold chain technologies in hot climates: IIR and UNEP lead the conversation at MOP37
Nairobi, 3 November 2025 — At the 37th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP37), UNEP OzonAction and the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) hosted a dynamic side event focused on strengthening sustainable...
Event update: 1st IIR-UNEP Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates
The IIR and UNEP organise a Joint Experts’ Round-Table on Cold Chain Management in Hot Climates.
Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration Publishes an Informatory Note on The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change
In line with its corporate objective to promote knowledge of refrigeration and associated technologies and applications on a global scale, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has published a new Informatory Note on “The Impact of...
IIR WRD 2025 Press Release : Countries urged to establish national refrigeration committees to tackle food, health, animals and climate challenges
Drawing on the outcomes of the WRD 2025 high-level event held on 18 June, the IIR calls for coordinated national action towards sustainable, equitable refrigeration.
IIR Quiz: The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change
Think you know everything there is to know about the refrigeration sector and its impact on climate change? Test your knowledge on refrigeration and the environment.
COP22: The role of refrigeration in the combat against climate change
The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP22) was held in Marrakesh (Morocco), from 7-18 November 2016. It was, in particular, the first meeting of the Parties (CMA1) following the December 2015 Paris Agreement, and its purpose was to...
COP 28: the annual conference on climate change puts refrigeration in the spotlight!
Refrigeration will be one of the priorities at the next United Nations Conference of the Parties on climate change. It will be held in Dubai from 30 November to 12 December 2023.
Press release: The IIR Launches Quiz on The Impact of Refrigeration on the Climate Change
In conjunction with the newly released 35th IIR Informatory Note on The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has launched a quiz on “Refrigeration and the environment”, which...
Discover the 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change”
The 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change” reviews existing data to estimate past greenhouse gas emissions generated by refrigeration systems and make projections for the future.
IJR editorial: The cop on climate change: a growing presence of refrigeration issues to be consolidated
The Conference of the Parties on climate change was held in Sharm-El-Sheikh (Egypt) from Sunday 6 November to Sunday 20 November 2022. Generally speaking, this COP did not result in the decisions and actions...
Webinar: The role of sustainable cooling technologies in the fight against climate change (in English and Italian)
A webinar on "The role of sustainable cooling technologies in the fight against climate change", organized with Italy and IRENA, will take place on December 10 at 11:30 am (Paris time).
IIR engages in COP13/MOP36 and COP29 to highlight the key role of sustainable refrigeration for all in handling climate change
Two major events in the fight against climate change and protecting the future of our planet, COP13/MOP36 and COP29, are held in October and November. The IIR is taking part in these United Nations conferences...
Adapting Refrigeration to a Warming World: Highlights from IIR Adaptation 2025 Conference in Manchester
The first edition of the IIR International Conference on Adapting Refrigeration to Rising Temperatures has just wrapped up in Manchester, UK. Over 120 participants from academia, policy, and industry gathered to...
World Bank project in Bangladesh
The IIR has just signed an agreement with the World Bank to develop a cold chain, as sustainable as possible of course, in Bangladesh, in partnership with British and Bangladeshi universities.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
5 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
