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Disposal and destruction of contaminated artificial refrigerants in Georgia.

• Author(s) : MEGRELISHVILI N., SULADZE S., SHEKELADZE S.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : Italian
• Keywords : Georgia, Generality, Contamination, Management, Destruction, Refrigerant
• Source: Industria & Formazione - vol. 38 - n.381
• Formats : PDF

Improving operating room contamination control.

• Author(s) : WAGNER J. A., SCHREIBER K. J., COHEN R.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Surgery, Contamination, Design, Operating theatre, Clean room, Performance
• Source: ASHRAE Journal - vol. 56 - n. 2

Levels of microbial contamination of domestic refrigerators in Italy.

• Author(s) : CATELLANI P., MIOTTI SCAPIN R., ALBERGHINI L., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Contamination, Microbiology, Level, Household refrigerator, Surface, Hygiene, Italy
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 42

IIR document

Impact of contamination of a metallic surface on its thermal absorptivity.

• Author(s) : FROLEC J., KRALIK T., KRUTIL V.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat transfer, Cryogenics, Contamination, Radiation, Absorption, Cryostat, Design, Expérimentation
• Source: Cryogenics 2023. Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

Modeling cross-contamination during poultry processing: dynamics in the chiller tank.

• Author(s) : MUNTHER D., SUN X., XIAO Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Poultry, Contamination, Chilled food, Canada, Modelling, Escherichia
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 59

Removal effect of bio-contaminants in a packaged liquid desiccant-assisted air conditioning unit.

• Author(s) : DONG H. W., JEONG J. W.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Contamination, Liquid desiccant, Bacteria, Evaporative system, Relative humidity, Expérimentation, Air conditioning
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Evaporative cooling and Legionella: a risk which can be prevented by using good practices, 18^th Informatory Note on refrigerating technologies.

• Publication date: 2006/02
• Languages :
• Keywords : Regulations, Contamination, Microbiology, Legionella, Cooling tower, Recommendation, Review, Evaporative system, Air conditioning, Evaporative condenser
• Source: IIF, Note Inf./IIR, Inf. Note/www.iifiir.org - n. 18
• Formats : PDF

Význam vetrání pro stanoveni odvrácených dávek z inhalace venkovního vzduchu kontaminovaného radioaktivními látkami v bytech a budovách.

Relevance of ventilation for determination of averted dose from inhalation of outdoor air contaminated with radioactive substances in dwellings and buildings.

• Author(s) : JILEK K., THOMAS J., BULANEK B.
• Publication date: 2017/11
• Languages : Czech
• Keywords : Tightness, Contamination, Building, Measurement, Ventilation, Air quality
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 26 - n. 5
• Formats : PDF

Air conditioning in public transport vehicles. Numerical simulation of contaminants transport and infection probability.

• Author(s) : VERA J., SCHILLACI E., RIGOLA J., AROLAS M., DEL RIVERO O.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Passenger transport, Mobile air conditioning, Simulation, Contamination, CFD, Model, Air quality, COVID-19, Virus
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Analysis of the performance characteristics of a refrigeration system operating on contaminated R404A refrigerant.

• Author(s) : GIL B.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, R404A, R32, Contamination, Performance, Mixture, Compressor, Energy efficiency, Nucleate boiling, Expérimentation
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

High cryo-resistance of SARS-CoV-2 virus: Increased risk of re-contamination at transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue after COVID-19 pandemic.

• Author(s) : ISACHENKO V., ISACHENKO E., MALLMANN P., RAHIMI G.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : COVID-19, Cancer, Virus, Cryopreservation, Cryostability, Contamination, Organ, Freeze-drying, Review
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 103
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation of two phases evaporative heat transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide as a pure refrigerant and oil contaminated under forced flow conditions in small and large tube.

• Author(s) : HASSAN M. A. M., SHEDID M. H.
• Publication date: 2015/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Horizontal tube, Heat transfer coefficient, Forced flow, Contamination, R744, Oil, Expérimentation, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 56
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance evaluation of household refrigerators running with R600a contaminated with non-condensable gases.

• Author(s) : ESPINDOLA R. S., KNABBEN F. T., MELO C., HERMES C. J. L.
• Publication date: 2020/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 111
• Formats : PDF

Numerical analysis on performance and contaminated failures of the miniature split Stirling cryocooler.

• Author(s) : HE Y. L., ZHANG D. W., YANG W. W., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 59

Future healthcare IAQ will combine many HVAC filtration methods.

• Author(s) : WALRATH M.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Generality, Contamination, Air quality, Purification, Health, Filtration
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal - vol. 17 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

Refrigerant contamination

In its "White Paper: Reports of R134a Contaminated with R40 and Other Refrigerants”, AHRI suggests that in addition to R40 and R22, R142b, R152a, and R12 have also been found mixed with R134a in newly filled refrigerant cylinders marked as...

• Publication date : 2013/06/18

Food safety: the problems caused by condensation

Some advice to prevent or remove condensation, often involved in food contamination.

• Publication date : 2017/04/28

BOC’s refrigerants team

According to BOC's refrigerants team, one in three plants runs on contaminatedrefrigerant. BOC's team tested over 50 industrial installations and found that 36% of refrigerant blends tested did not meet specifications and required complete...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

The French Health Protection Agency (InVS) warns against Legionella outbreaks

In an official statement dated July 2004, the French Health Protection Agency called for vigilance with regards to the risk of Legionella outbreaks during summer 2004. In 2003, 1044 legionella cases were recorded in France and 129 patients died....

• Publication date : 2004/09/14

Briefs: LMP-102

LMP-102, a bacteria-eating virus (bacteriophage) was approved as an antimicrobial (against Listeria monocytogenes) food additive in meat and poultry products by the FDA in 2006. The European Food Safety Authority's BIOHAZ Panel has recently...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Institute of Refrigeration UK (IOR) publications

On sale: proceedings of papers presented to the IOR, including discussions. The latest CD-ROM includes 2003 and 2004 presentations on: risk assessment model for hydrocarbon refrigerants; temperature prediction software for refrigerated container...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

New developments in cryogenic storage

An innovating solution for cryogenic storage of products has been patented and marketed. This system makes it possible to store products at -190°C in a totally dry environment without using liquid nitrogen in the storage space. The risks inherent...

• Publication date : 2005/02/14

Briefs: Edible optics to prevent food poisoning

Edible nanosensors made from silk could alert consumers regarding potential contamination of food thanks to a hologram-type indicator embedded in the pack. Researchers at Tufts University in the US are working on the development of bioactive silk...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Briefs: phase-out of HCFCs

The December 31, 2009 deadline for the phase-out of HCFCs is expected to generate important problems in many countries: - In the US, no HCFC-22 can be produced or imported for use in refrigerating equipment manufactured after December 31, 2009....

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

TTI: new developments

Time-Temperature Integrators (TTIs) are "intelligent labels" that simulate bacterial development, as a function of time-and-temperature parameters. As soon as a critical threshold is crossed, a change in colour alerts the consumer that the...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

Frozen avocados to meet the booming global “avo craze”

Frozen avocado pieces or products represent a rising market for exporters to guarantee year-round supply of avocados, which is becoming crucial to the food service sector. 

• Publication date : 2024/09/19

Refrigeration and COVID-19: list of resources

List of resources (guides, recommendations, information) regularly updated concerning the COVID-19 and the refrigeration sector.

• Publication date : 2020/05/26

Temperature control and sustainability, the challenges of 3D meat printing

Temperature control is a key factor that still limits the application of 3D printing in the meat industry, according to recent scientific publications. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: Technology

COVID-19 news in the HVAC&R sector

The IIR reviews the available information on the possible impact of air conditioning on the spread of COVID-19 and the recommendations for the operation and maintenance of HVAC systems. Furthermore, several...

• Publication date : 2020/04/05

Energy saving initiatives for cooling in data centres

In January 2021, Europe’s leading cloud and data centre operators signed the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, a self-regulatory initiative to become climate neutral by 2030. According to recent studies, free...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Press release: The International Institute of Refrigeration appoints Professor Judith Evans as new president of Commission C2

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to announce the appointment of Judith Evans, Professor at London South Bank University, as the new president of IIR Commission C2 on food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2016/07/12

New president of IIR Commission C2 on food science and engineering

The IIR is proud to announce the appointment of Judith Evans, Professor at London South Bank University, as the new president of IIR Commission C2 on food science and engineering.

• Publication date : 2016/07/06

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

As with every active institution, and even more so for each body of a scientific and technical vocation, the International Institute of Refrigeration must be present and able to meet the imperatives and challenges arising in the short-, medium-...

• Publication date : 2005/10/06

IIR Research Priorities

The IIR decided, within the framework of its Strategic Plan, to draw up a list of research priorities for the future. It hopes that these priorities will be a valuable guiding force for decision-makers in the public and private research sectors,...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs