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New perspectives for the application of large-scale heat pumps.

• Author(s) : HUETTL C., WENN N., VOSS J., REISSNER F., SCHAEFER J.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Industrial application, Heat pump, District heating, Large scale, High temperature
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Seasonal thermal energy storage for large scale district heating.

• Author(s) : REMMELTS J., TENSEN S., FERREIRA C. I.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : District heating, Thermal energy storage, Heat pump, Renewable energy, Large scale, Simulation, Modelling, Performance
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Quantification and comparison of COP improvement approaches for large-scale ammonia heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : HARTMUND JORGENSEN P., OMMEN T., ELMEGAARD B.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : COP, Ammonia, District heating, Large scale, Heat pump, Reciprocating compressor, Denmark, Optimization, Case study
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 129
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Adaptive model-based monitoring of large-scale heat pump prone to evaporator fouling.

• Author(s) : AGUILERA J. J., MEESENBURG W., MARKUSSEN W. B., POULSEN J. L., ZÜHLSDORF B., ELMEGAARD B.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : District heating, Heat pump, Large scale, Fouling, Heat exchanger, Evaporator, Case study, Simulation, Modelling, Denmark
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design considerations for dynamically operated large-scale ammonia heat pumps.

• Author(s) : MEESENBURG W., KOFLER R., OMMEN T., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Large scale, Design, Denmark, R717, Ammonia, Two-stage system, Simulation, Heat pump, Single-stage system, Case study, District heating
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Simulating an evaporator field for large-scale air-source heat pumps subjected to frosting and defrosting.

• Author(s) : JENSEN J. K., HANSEN S. O. K., MARKUSSEN W. B.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Simulation, Large scale, Evaporator, Air-source system, Modelling, Frosting, Defrosting, Heat pump, Case study, Denmark
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Fields of application of large-scale heat pumps and challenges in planning.

• Author(s) : BOCKELMANN F., ZIMMERMANN J.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Data centre, Large scale, Renewable energy, Waste heat, Heat pump, CO2 emission, Heating, Residential building, District heating, Germany, Cogeneration, Case study
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

Long-term evaluation of an office building with large-scale heat pump and aquifer system in southern Sweden.

• Author(s) : WALFRIDSON T., LARSSON M., BENSON J., RÄFTEGÅRD O., GUSTAFSSON O., HAGLUND STIGNOR C., AXELSSON L., TILJANDER P.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Office, Large scale, COP, Seasonal performance, Calculation, Domestic water, Case study, Heat pump, Ground-source system
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design and numerical simulation of a cold compressor for large scale superfluid helium cryogenic system.

• Author(s) : DONG X., WU J., SU H., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Research on noise reduction characteristic of sound barrier on natural draft wet cooling towers.

• Author(s) : WANG Y., ZHANG D., JIANG L., HE S., GAO M.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cooling tower, Noise, Large scale, Modelling, Simulation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 133
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Vapour compression cycle modelling for use within large thermal systems.

• Author(s) : ABLANQUE N., TORRAS S., OLIET C., RIGOLA J., PÉREZ-SEGARRA C. D.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Compression system, Modelling, Large scale, Compressor, Heat exchanger
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Numerical performance assessment of heat pumps in Rankine-based Carnot battery systems for grid balancing services.

• Author(s) : TASSENOY R., CRAECKER J. de, SIMIC K., DEMEESTER T., PAEPE M. de, LECOMPTE S.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Large scale, Heat pump, Rankine, Carnot, Modelling, Thermal energy storage, Electricity
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Review of Cryogenic Carbon Capture Innovations and Their Potential Applications.

• Author(s) : FONT-PALMA C., CANN D., UDEMU C.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Carbon capture, Review, Cryogenics, Separation, Hydrogen, Small scale, Large scale, Prototype, Marketing, LNG, Sea transport, Change of phase
• Source: C - Journal of Carbon Research - vol. 7 - 3
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

A Summary Review on Experimental Studies for PCM Building Applications: Towards Advanced Modular Prototype.

• Author(s) : FARAJ K., KHALED M., FARAJ J., HACHEM F., CASTELAIN C.
• Publication date: 2022/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Review, Older building, Retrofitting, PCM, Prototype, Thermal energy storage, Heating, Large scale, Small scale, Expérimentation, Cost, Air conditioning
• Source: Energies - 15 - 4
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Analysis of the influence of the opening and closing of the loading docks on the cooling energy demand of a large-sized industrial warehouse used for storing fruit and vegetables.

• Author(s) : RUBIO RUBIO J. J., VERA GARCIA F., HONTORIA HERNANDEZ E., LÓPEZ BELCHÍ A.
• Publication date: 2020/11/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cold store, Industry, Energy consumption, Large scale, Fruit, Vegetable, Thermal load, Modelling
• Source: X Congreso Ibérico y VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2020.
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: Iran has LNG plans on a very large scale

Iran is reportedly planning to finance up to 120 billion USD for LNG production over the next 12 years and become the world's largest LNG exporter. As of now, there are no LNG industries in Iran, but there are gas resources estimated at 27.5...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Successful test of a dilution refrigerator for quantum computers

IBM scientists have succeeded in cooling a quantum computer chip to a temperature of 25 mK using a large-scale dilution refrigerator. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Technology

Dalian builds China’s first CO2/NH3 cascade cold storage logistics base

China is building the largest cold storage logistics base for aquatic products in Dalian, Northeast China. The 200 000-tonne, RMB 1 billion (roughly 128 million €) cold store is said to be the first large-scale cold storage logistics base adopting...

• Publication date : 2012/12/19

Storing energy thanks to cryocooled air

A new type of energy-storage process that can operate on a large scale.

• Publication date : 2012/11/29

Improving adsorption cooling thanks to MOFs

Metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds are porous crystalline materials composed of metal ions or metal clusters bridged by organic linking groups; they have outstanding adsorption properties, allowing for better efficiency and use on a larger...

• Publication date : 2015/02/20

Temperature and energy performance of domestic cold appliances in England

A paper from A. Biglia et al.presents the results of a large-scale survey of domestic cold appliances in households in England, UK. Simultaneous measurements of the temperature inside and outside of the cold appliances, as well as the electricity...

• Publication date : 2018/04/30

Changes in the use of cryogenic propellants in space

Near-term exploration beyond low Earth orbit will require the use of cryogenic propellants and in-space cryogenic propellant storage durations will exceed our current capabilities by at least two orders of magnitude. This will require the...

• Publication date : 2012/09/17

Out of the ordinary: ATLAS LEGO® model

As part of an outreach project at the Niels Bohr Institute Sascha Mehlhase recently designed and built a model of the ATLAS experiment in LEGO® bricks. It illustrates all details, from the muon and magnet system to the innermost pixel...

• Publication date : 2012/04/24

Supercooling the LHC

CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the new research instrument of the world's elementary particle physics community. This discovery-making machine will explore the structure of matter and basic forces of nature on a scale never attained before....

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Uncertainty in the prediction of the climate response to rising levels of GHG

According to a study published in Nature on January 27, 2005, the climate response to rising levels of greenhouse gases could be much worse than predicted. The study, carried out by Pr Stainforth's team, shows the uncertainty in the predictions....

• Publication date : 2005/03/15

Energy storage thanks to refrigeration

Electrical energy is notoriously difficult to store, especially on a large scale and this can be particularly problematical when dealing with irregular sources such as wind power for which there can be a great mismatch between energy supply and...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Compressors: key trends

Over the past few years, the design and performance of rotary, reciprocating positive displacement and dynamic compressors have been greatly improved. CO2 compressors have conquered new niches and twin-screw compressors are now increasingly used...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

Invasion of a Body Snatcher

New research by French scientists has revealed how Listeria monocytogenes can activate the cellular transport machinery that transports viruses and small molecules and proteins and use it to invade cells and hide from the body's immune system....

• Publication date : 2005/11/23

LNG vessels

The world's largest LNG vessel, Mozah, recently made its maiden visit to the South Hook LNG Terminal in Milford Haven, UK, heralding a new era in the history of liquefied natural gas (LNG) transportation. The Q-Max ship measures 345 metres long,...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Trends and Markets: The Dubai District-Cooling Boom

The United Arab Emirates has the potential to become the world's largest district-cooling market: demand is estimated at 10 million tonnes of refrigeration (36 360 MW) in the next 10 years. The construction boom in Dubai has triggered particularly...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

CryoHub: EU project CryoHub is inviting cold chain companies to become ‘CryoHub Champions’

The CryoHub innovation project investigates and extends the potential of large-scale Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) and applies the stored energy for both cooling and power generation.

• Publication date : 2016/06/28

Member news: Linde to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computers

Linde, corporate member of the IIR, partners with Bluefors to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computing technology. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29

Conference: Oslo

The First International Conference on Small Scale LNG in Europe, an IIR-co-sponsored event held in Oslo on September 29-30, 2005, attracted 121 experts from 18 countries. Twenty PowerPoint presentations were given. Unlike the widely used methods...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

International events: GL2008

The 8th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2008) was held in Copenhagen on September 7-10, 2008. The event attracted 397 participants from 32 countries. The initial conferences in the series tended to attract participants...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Philippe Lebrun received the Mendelssohn Award.

Philippe Lebrun, President of the IIR’s General Conference, received the prestigious Mendelssohn Award conferred by the International Cryogenic Engineering Committee on March 11, 2016.

• Publication date : 2016/03/16

Member news: latest innovations from Mirai Intex

The company Mirai Intex has just marketed a refrigeration machine using air cycle for low temperatures. Mirai Intex also markets a mobile storage solution. 

• Publication date : 2022/03/29

IIR member news: Linde

Linde Kryotechnik cryogenic company has developed a groundbreaking refrigeration system used to cool extreme temperatures in an experiment to create fusion fuel.

• Publication date : 2016/05/18

ERC Grant Awarded to Steffen Grohmann for Advancing Cryogenic Technology

Steffen Grohmann, President of IIR Commission A1, receives an advanced grant from the European Research Council for his innovative cryogenic technology project: GRAVITHELIUM, a key technology for the Einstein...

• Publication date : 2024/04/26

News from IIR members: Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque

During a meeting at the IIR on May 30, 2011, several persons from Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque (Dunkerque Urban Community) (a benefactor member of the IIR) presented the launching of an Institute of Low-Temperature Technology (Innocold).The...

• Publication date : 2011/08/10

Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.

• Publication date : 2021/03/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology

IIR conference on caloric cooling Thermag VIII: highlights

Thermag VIII was an opportunity to present new developments regarding magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and elastocaloric cooling.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18

The Cold Chain: A logistical challenge at the heart of the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine 

Gérald Cavalier - President of the Science and Technology Council of the International Institute of Refrigeration, President of the French Association of Refrigeration, President of the Cemafroid...

• Publication date : 2020/11/23
• Subjects: General information, Technology

IIR member news: Angelantoni Group

“COLD ENERGY” is an innovative solution to improve energy efficiency both for old and new compression refrigeration systems by transferring a highly efficient automotive technology to enhance energy recovery of heat exchangers.

• Publication date : 2017/01/20

CEEE Hosts International Conference THERMAG - IX 2021

More than 200 people from around the world attended the THERMAG - IX June 7-11, 2021 hosted by The Center for Environmental Energy Engineering at University of Maryland, College Park (US).

• Publication date : 2021/07/20
• Subjects: Technology

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables