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IIR document

Experimental investigation and new correlation for the bubble departure diameter of methane and ethane binary mixtures during nucleate pool boiling.

• Author(s) : LI Z., XUE H., SHEN J., ZHAO Y., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages :
• Keywords : Methane, Ethane, Bubble, Pool boiling, Correlation, Model, Joule-Thomson, Modelling, LNG, Liquefaction
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optimization of a methane expansion liquefaction cycle for small scale LNG plants.

• Author(s) : ARTECONI A., SANTOLINI M., BARTOLINI C. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Methane, Liquefaction, Linde, LNG, Expansion, Cycle
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Hydrogen liquefaction and storage: Recent progress and perspectives.

• Author(s) : ZHANG T., URATANI J., HUANG Y., XU L., GRIFFITHS S., DING Y.
• Publication date: 2023/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hydrogen, Liquefaction, Review, Thermodynamic cycle, Regasification, Storage
• Source: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews - vol. 176
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The exergy analysis of NGE-MR natural gas liquefaction process.

• Author(s) : WANG X., WU J., MENG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Liquefaction, Optimization, Modelling, Natural gas, Liquefied gas
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Separation of binary mixtures based on helium and heavy inert gases.

• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages :
• Source: Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference on Cryogenics, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Plant for natural gas liquefaction using a rotor wave cryogenerator.

• Author(s) : ARKHAROV A., SEMENOV V., MALAKHOV S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cryogenerator, Liquefaction, Rotor, Efficiency, Wave, LNG, Natural gas, Expérimentation
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Pre-cooling systems in modern hydrogen liquefaction.

• Author(s) : KRIKUNOVA M., SAMOKHVALOV Y., KROTOV A., MASLIKOVA S., POLYANSKY N.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hydrogen, Liquefaction, Liquefied gas, Optimization, Modelling, Thermodynamic cycle, Energy consumption, Precooling
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Understanding the physical phenomena that occur inside heat exchangers for liquefaction of hydrogen.

• Author(s) : WILHELMSEN O., SKAUGEN G., BERSTAD D., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Helium, Liquefaction, Modelling, Hydrogen, Neon, Energy efficiency, Heat exchanger
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Plant for natural gas liquefaction with capacity 3000 kg/h.

• Author(s) : KRAKOVSKY B. D., MARTYNOV V. A., POPOV O. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Operation, Liquefier, Liquefaction, Efficiency, Russia, LNG, Natural gas, Control (generic)
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Biogas purification and liquefaction by means of a cryogenic upgrading process.

• Author(s) : SPITONI M., XIONG X., ARTECONI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06/22
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Gas, Energy consumption, Liquefaction, Biomass, Purification, Simulation, Cryogenics
• Source: 1^st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016). Proceedings: Bucharest, Romania, June 22-25, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A pressure swing adsorption-Cryogenerator hybrid system for liquefaction of nitrogen.

• Author(s) : CHOWDHURY D. R., CHAKRABORTY N. R., SARKAR S. C.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Nitrogen, Cryogenerator, Liquefaction, Adsorption, Stirling, Expérimentation, Distillation
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Magnetic refrigerators for hydrogen liquefaction.

• Author(s) : KAMIYA K., NATSUME K., NUMAZAWA T., MATSUMOTO K., SAITO A. T., SHIRAI T., UCHIDA A.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Magnetic refrigerator, Magnetocaloric effect, Magnetocaloric cooling, Thermodynamic cycle, Hydrogen, Liquefaction, Expérimentation, Superconducting magnet
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Optimization and analysis of mixed refrigerant composition for the PRICO natural gas liquefaction process.

• Author(s) : XU X., LIU J., CAO L.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquefaction, Optimization, Mixture, LNG, Natural gas, Refrigerant
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 59

IIR document

CO2 and H2H cryogenic removal process evaluation for the biogas upgrading and liquefaction.

• Author(s) : SPITONI M., XIONG X., ARTECONI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Fuel (vehicles), Comparison, Methane, Liquefaction, LNG, Environment, CO2
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Process optimization and analysis of a novel hydrogen liquefaction cycle.

• Author(s) : JU Y.
• Publication date: 2020/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Helium, Liquid nitrogen, Liquefaction, Expansion turbine, Simulation, Modelling, Hydrogen
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 110
• Formats : PDF

Recent advances in hydrogen liquefaction and storage

Several review articles present a comprehensive overview of the liquid hydrogen supply chain. IIR members Linde and Air Liquide are contributing to address the global demand for...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28
• Subjects: Technology

ICR2011 highlights: possibilities for micro-scale natural gas liquefaction

Due to increasing energy demand, interest in micro-scale natural gas liquefaction plants for the exploitation of stranded wells is growing. At ICR2011, a team from Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Italy, presented a paper describing and...

• Publication date : 2012/01/26

Hydrogen liquefaction using a new magnetic cooling technique.

A recent study proposes a technique that could be used for hydrogen liquefaction using magnetic refrigeration at low temperatures.

• Publication date : 2021/04/15
• Subjects: Technology

Magnetic refrigeration, a promising technology for the liquefaction of hydrogen

A keynote at the recent IIR Congress highlights magnetic refrigeration as a technology with high potential for the liquefaction of hydrogen, an essential energy vector for decarbonisation. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

Road to COP28. How can we achieve sustainability in gas processing and liquefaction?

In gas processing plants, focus should be set on non-flaring operation and reduction of releases caused by leaks, says Dr Heinz Bauer, IIR expert....

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: General information, Technology

Comparison of oxygen liquefaction methods for use on the surface of Mars

An article published in Cryogenics reviews the various methods by which oxygen (used with methane as a propellant for ascent from the planet's surface) could be liquefied and stored on the surface of Mars.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

Global LNG continues to grow despite the crisis

The current geopolitical situation has favoured the development of new liquefaction projects as well as the growth of existing LNG export markets, according to the IGU World LNG...

• Publication date : 2022/07/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Latest news on LNG and bio-LNG infrastructure projects in the pipeline

At the beginning of 2022, several LNG or bio-LNG projects are underway. 

• Publication date : 2022/01/28
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology

The world’s first liquified hydrogen carrier ship en route from Japan to Australia

Since the end of December 2021, the world’s first liquefied hydrogen (LH2) carrier, the “Suiso Frontier”, is achieving its first round trip between Japan and Australia. The voyage is...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

The LNG global production

Global LNG production capacity to increase by 130 billion m3 by 2018 as 12 new liquefaction plants open IEA report says.

• Publication date : 2014/01/30

Global LNG trade figures for 2022 and early 2023

Global LNG trade grew in 2022, especially in Europe, where LNG imports were necessary to make up for the disruption of Russia’s pipeline gas supply. 

• Publication date : 2023/09/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Global LNG supply: the potential of Africa, South and Central America

IGU provides an update on the LNG supply outlook for countries in Africa, Central and South America. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Developing country, Figures, economy

Slight increase in global LNG trade in 2020

Global LNG trade continued to grow in 2020 albeit at a slower pace than the previous year. Meanwhile, orders for LNG-powered vessels have increased significantly.

• Publication date : 2021/10/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Cryogenic tyre grinding

Liquid nitrogen or other cryogenic fluids can be used in order to process used tyres, as temperatures under -80°C render the rubber brittle and easy to shatter.

• Publication date : 2012/03/22

Underground storage of liquid CO2

Dispensing of CO2 by storing it underground usually implies placing it in aquifer rocks deep enough (-800 m) to achieve sufficient pressure to maintain the CO2 in a supercritical (fluid) phase. This approach has many shortcomings as in this form,...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

Activities of the IIR’s Commission A2 on Liquefaction and Separation of Gases

The problems related to thermodynamic optimization and new technologies in liquefaction and separation of gases are actual and critical for many branches of modern industry, power generation and medicine.

• Publication date : 2014/03/07

Download the latest technical papers from the IIR Cryogenics Conference

Held on 8-11 April this year, the 15th IIR Cryogenics Conference welcomed over 120 guests from more than 22 countries.

• Publication date : 2019/07/02

IIR member news: Air Liquide

Air Liquide – benefactor member of the IIR – recently inaugurated Cryocap™, a unique industrial installation that enables the capture of CO2 released during hydrogen production via a cryogenic process.

• Publication date : 2016/06/01

News from IIR members: Air Liquide: fast expansion in Turkey

Turkey has a dynamic economy with a growth rate of 9% in 2010. Its industries are developing and diversifying, and the petrochemical sector is expanding.Air Liquide recently signed a long-term contract with the Turkish petrochemical Group...

• Publication date : 2012/02/28

The IIR makes its mark in LNG

In line with our objective to remain at the forefront of developments in the field of cryogenics the IIR, in partnership with the lnternational Gas Union (IGU), and the Gas Technology Institute (GTI), organizes triennial LNG conferences across the...

• Publication date : 2015/10/14

WGC PARIS 2015: “Growing together towards a friendly planet”

The 26th World Gas Conference (WGC), held in Paris last week, offered attendees an ideal opportunity for networking, learning and sharing information on the latest developments

• Publication date : 2015/06/09

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

Obituary: Prof. Dr Helmut Knapp

Prof. Dr Helmut Knapp, Honorary Member of the IIR and former President of IIR Commission A3 (Liquefaction and Separation of Gases) from 1979 to 1987, died at the age of 86. The IIR extends its sympathy to the families of Prof. van Paassen and...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

International events: Shanghai and Prague

Two important Conferences on cryogenics took place in April 2008: the IIR co-sponsored conference ICCR2008 in Shanghai, China on April 6-9 and the IIR conference Cryogenics 2008 in Prague, Czech Republic, on April 22-25. The history of cryogenics...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Conference update: Prague

Cryogenics 2008 will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low temperatures and air gases in industry and...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Conference update: Prague

Cryogenics 2008, to be held in Prague on April 22-25, 2008, will cover liquid helium and hydrogen technology, superconductivity, separation of air, natural gas and other cryogenic gases, liquefaction, storage and transport and application of low...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Conference update: Bratislava

Cryogenics 2010 will take place on April 26-29, 2010, in Bratislava, Slovak Republic. The main themes are helium cryogenics; superconductivity and cryogenic physics; liquefaction and separation of industrial gases and natural gas and the...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

ICR2007 in Beijing

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) holds Congresses every 4 years. They have two objectives: - a scientific objective: apart from the numerous IIR and IIR-co-sponsored conferences (about 50 over a 4-year period), which are focused...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Discover the newly-elected IIR Section and Commission heads

Welcome the IIR’s new statutory body members!

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

IIR member news: Air Liquide joins the fight against the Covid-19 epidemic

To deal with the Covid-19 epidemic in France, the Air Liquide group, member of the IIR, has decided to produce 10,000 respirators in 50 days.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs